*2.2.2 Operation*

*Wireless Mesh Networks - Security, Architectures and Protocols*

• Dynamic self-configuration and self-organization

The infrastructure-based wireless mesh network is a decentralized network without a centralized management or with no centralized server which is more expensive. These methods are more reliable and efficient as each node has to transmit to the next node. Here, nodes act as router to transmit the data to its peers which are located far even it is a single hop. Wireless mesh network should be stable, i.e., there should not be high mobility. If node failure occurs due to any hardware problem or any other, the neighbor node will perform rerouting with the help of routing protocols.

Mesh network may comprise of mobile devices or stationary devices. Some of

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is the main application of wireless mesh networks. In order to provide quality of service (QoS), wireless mesh network is used in telecommunication for voice communication. In current scenario, some of

• Military forces in the USA are using wireless mesh networks to connect their

• In residences, electric smart meters have been implemented to transfer the reading from one point to another (say as, from home to centralized office) to

• Wireless mesh network is used in one laptop per child program, in which it makes the students to share their files even when they are not connected with

the applications where wireless mesh has been used include:

the Internet or with any physical connections.

the applications of mesh networks which deserve communication are:

*2.1.4 Characteristics of wireless mesh networks*

• Fault tolerance and robustness

• Integration and interoperability

• Adaptation

• Low-cost

**2.2 Management**

*2.2.1 Applications*

• Tunnels

• Tunnels

• Battlefield surveillance

• Mobile video applications

• Emergency situations

• Real time car racing, etc.

devices for field operations.

eliminate the man power.

**4**

The working principle of wireless mesh network is the same as that of the packets that travel around the wired internet data transfer between one node and another toward the destination [6]. This is implemented with the help of dynamic routing algorithm. It is possible by making each node communicate its routing information to other nodes within the network. With the received information, each node will decide whether to forward or to keep the data for itself. It is based on the functionality of the routing protocol. It is necessary for any routing algorithm to ensure that routing is done by predicting the shortest path between the source and destination. **Figure 4** shows the architecture of wireless mesh network.

Wireless mesh network can be connected with the existing network to provide effective communication. In traditional network comprises of various wired nodes, hotspots to communicate with the users, whereas in wireless mesh networks, the network is established with the help of various numbers of wireless nodes to communicate with each other.

The wireless nodes used in wireless mesh networks play same role as wireless routers. Various Wi-Fi communication IEEE standards like IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11 g are used for wireless mesh communication. Nodes in the network are

**Figure 4.** *Architecture of wireless mesh network.*

capable of predicting the shortest path from the available path between source and destination. Addition and deletion of nodes and the routes will be updated then and there whenever there is a change in the network infrastructure. Dynamic routing is the capability of the node to predict the shortest available path between source and destination [6].
