**Author details**

*Color Detection*

false negative:

1 for perfect precision and recall:

**6. Chapter summary**

that have been developed over the past few decades.

proposed colorimetric detection methods.

physical setup, interfaces, and challenges.

divided by the total number of data points. Precision is calculated by the ratio of true

Precision <sup>=</sup> *True Positive* \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ *True Positive* <sup>+</sup> *False Positive* (2)

The sensitivity (recall) is the ratio of true positive to the sum of true positive and

Sensitivity <sup>=</sup> *True Positive* \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ *True Positive* <sup>+</sup> *False Negative* (3)

Lastly, f1 score is the harmonic average of precision and the recall and is equal to

f1 <sup>=</sup> <sup>2</sup> <sup>×</sup> *Precision* <sup>×</sup> *Recall* \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ *Precision* <sup>+</sup> *Recall* (4)

Regression and classification metrics should be chosen based on the colorimetric detection scheme. Spectrometric detection requires the use of regression metrics while the detection of discrete color change should be assessed with classification metrics.

In this chapter, a review of smartphone-based colorimetric determination of chromogenic assays has been provided on color spaces, existing color matching and detection techniques, hardware and software designs, and performance metrics

After a broad survey of the smartphone spectrometers, a technical background of the methods for image acquisition system, image analysis, and measurement procedure, which are commonly used as baseline methods in the literature, was introduced with their basic mathematical, statistical concepts and definitions, which are required for understanding the mathematics and techniques behind the

In addition, portable hardware designs compatible with smartphones and their Android applications were introduced with fundamental differences including

Moreover, performance metrics were analyzed in order to see which aspects are considered more in the evaluation and impacts of these perspectives on the evalua-

The authors thank Dr. Gazihan Alankuş for mobile apps and the "Ekosfer Laboratory and Research Services" for their assistance with the colorimetric assays. This research was supported by the scientific research projects coordination unit of

Izmir Katip Celebi University (project no. 2018-ÖDL-MÜMF-0021).

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

positive events to the sum of true and false positive events as given below:

**78**

tion results.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

Volkan Kılıç1 \*, Nesrin Horzum2 and Mehmet Ertugrul Solmaz1

1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey

2 Department of Engineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey

\*Address all correspondence to: volkan.kilic@ikc.edu.tr

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
