Table 14.

The statistical characteristics of chromaticity coordinates for blood plasma of healthy individuals and patients with liver cirrhosis in the XYZ system [25].

patients with cirrhosis of the liver, for which the bilirubin blood concentration sharply increases. As a result of this, the plasma and serum take on a saturated orange color, which is reflected in the spectra and accordingly in their color characteristics. For the same reason, the lightness of the plasma and serum for these patients is much lower (by almost a factor of two) than for the rest. However, we do not observe sharp differences in the spectra of the hemolyzed blood.

The lightness of the plasma and serum depends on the condition of the patients. Thus the average values of this parameter for the plasma decrease as the severity of the diseases increases: from 78.94 for the donors up to 67.82 for septic patients, 63.04 for resuscitated patients, and 36.66 for patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

In the future, we performed new experiments in which the possibility of diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by color characteristics of blood was considered [23].

New Results in the Theory and Practical Application of Color DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84832

Figure 10.

Blood plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy people on the chromaticity diagram of system XYZ (Source C) [24, 25].

The color characteristics of the samples of blood plasma were calculated after processing spectra. The selective figures of the chromaticity coordinates of patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy people are shown in Table 13.

Then the statistical analysis of the data was made. The basic statistics for all the investigated samples are shown in Table 14.

Totalities of samples have a distribution close to normal and similar values of dispersion; therefore the t-test can be used to assess the reliability of the results. T of t-test for the chromaticity coordinate x was 10.57, for y—12.9. The critical value of t for confidence probability p = 0.999 is 3.5, which is much smaller than the obtained results. Consequently, the differences between chromaticity coordinates of groups of patients and donors were statistically significant.

The differences between the color characteristics of blood plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy subjects are shown in Figure 10.

Colorimetric method established that a healthy person is characterized by the following indicators of chromaticity coordinates:

$$\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{0.32} \pm \mathbf{0.001}, \mathbf{y} = \mathbf{0.32} \pm \mathbf{0.002}.$$

Patients with liver cirrhosis are characterized by the following color characteristics: x = x = 0.352 � 0.006 y = 0.356 � 0.005.

Having made the statistical processing, the data revealed that color characteristics of blood plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis differ from color characteristics of blood plasma of healthy people with a high degree of reliability.

Investigation of human blood plasma by colorimetric methods can be used to express diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. A healthy person is characterized by the following indicators of chromaticity coordinates: x = 0.32 � 0.001, a = 0.32 � 0.002.

patients with cirrhosis of the liver, for which the bilirubin blood concentration sharply increases. As a result of this, the plasma and serum take on a saturated orange color, which is reflected in the spectra and accordingly in their color characteristics. For the same reason, the lightness of the plasma and serum for these patients is much lower (by almost a factor of two) than for the rest. However, we do

The statistical characteristics of chromaticity coordinates for blood plasma of healthy individuals and patients

The chromaticity coordinates (x and y) of patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy people [25].

Statistical indicators Patients with liver cirrhosis Healthy people

Mean 0.352 0.356 0.320 0.320 Confidence interval 0.006 0.005 0.001 0.002 Dispersion, σ 0.02 0.02 0.005 0.008 Error of mean 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001 Variation coefficient 5.62 4.80 1.6 2.6

Samples of blood plasma Patients with liver cirrhosis Healthy people

 0.348 0.350 0.322 0.324 0.345 0.348 0.324 0.326 0.341 0.343 0.318 0.315 0.383 0.373 0.331 0.325 0.348 0.357 0.321 0.315 0.339 0.348 0.323 0.317 0.360 0.368 0.315 0.316 0.350 0.363 0.322 0.326 0.372 0.375 0.33 0.331 0.342 0.347 0.309 0.31 0.344 0.346 0.313 0.311 0.359 0.356 0.326 0.325 0.345 0.347 0.317 0.318 0.357 0.359 0.314 0.317 0.353 0.360 0.319 0.325

x y xy

xyxy

The lightness of the plasma and serum depends on the condition of the patients. Thus the average values of this parameter for the plasma decrease as the severity of the diseases increases: from 78.94 for the donors up to 67.82 for septic patients, 63.04 for resuscitated patients, and 36.66 for patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In the future, we performed new experiments in which the possibility of diag-

not observe sharp differences in the spectra of the hemolyzed blood.

Table 13.

Color Detection

Table 14.

32

with liver cirrhosis in the XYZ system [25].

nosis of liver cirrhosis by color characteristics of blood was considered [23].

Patients with cirrhosis of the liver are characterized by the following color characteristics: x = 0.352 0.006 a = 0.356 0.005.

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Hence based on the integrated absorption spectra according to the standard CIE system, using the absorption coefficient for radiation in the visible wavelength range, we quantitatively determined the normal and pathological average color characteristics of human blood and its components (plasma and serum). The condition of the body is most adequately described using the lightness parameter for the aqueous solutions of plasma and serum. The method can be used in medical practice for rapid health assessment.
