**2.1 Experimental area**

The northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt was chosen as an experimental area. The Daxinganling metallogenic belt generally refers to an area including the main ridge of the Daxinganling Mountains and both of its east and west slopes.

#### **2.2 Geological background**

The Daxinganling region generally refers to an area that includes the main ridge of the Daxinganling Mountains and the eastern and western slopes of the ridge (**Figure 1**). The region is located between the Siberian and North China plates [26, 27]. Several of its tectonic units had been divided (**Figure 1**). In this region, the Proterozoic strata are comprised of epicontinental detritus from volcanic eruptions and carbonate sedimentary formations. The strata constitute the Precambrian crystalline basement [26]. The cap rock is composed of the Paleozoic group, including the Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous series, which are sets of epicontinental clastic rock, specifically carbonate rocks interlayered with rock from volcanic eruptions and sedimentary formations. The Mesozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous series are primarily comprised of rock from nonmarine volcanic eruptions and sedimentary formations. An important area of concentrated mineralization exists in the western region of the Hulunhu-Eerguna fault (fault ① in **Figure 1**). In this area, many deposits exist [28]. The mineralization is mainly subvolcanic-hydrothermal-type deposit and porphyry deposit. The porphyry deposit is predominantly comprised

**55**

*The Geochemical Data Imaging and Application in Geoscience: Taking the Northern…*

of substantial deposits of Wunugetushan porphyry copper, as well as Jiawula and

*Geotectonic units of northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt (after [25]). 1, main fault and borderline of the third-order geotectonic unit; 2, the number of third-order geotectonic unit; 3, the number of fourth-order geotectonic unit; 4, Proterozoic lift; 5, early Paleozoic lift; 6, late Paleozoic lift; 7, magmatic area mainly activated in Hercynian period; 8, lift of Mesozoic volcanic and intrusive rocks; 9, basin of Mesozoic volcanic rocks; 10, Cretaceous fault-depression basin; 11, town. The name of main fault:* ①*, Hulunhu-Eerguna fault;*  ②*, De'erbugan fault;* ③*, Elunchun-Toudaoqiao fault;* ④*, Daxinganling main ridge fault;* ⑤*, Nenjiang* 

The northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt has two major geographic landscapes, i.e., forest swamp area and semidesert area. The sampling media differed in the two landscapes [29]. The northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt has two major geographic landscapes, i.e., forest swamp area and semidesert area. The sampling media differed in the two landscapes [29]. The 1:200,000 geochemical survey was completed in the Manzhouli area, which covers a total of 13 geological sheets

(e.g., Toudaolvdian (M-50-(24)), Manzhoulishi (M-50-(22)), etc.). The geochemical survey was based on stream sediment [30]. The average sampling density was one

sent for analysis in the laboratory [31]. The contents of a total of 39 elements, of which seven were major elements, were analyzed, specifically Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, and the 32 trace elements (Ag, As, Au, B, Be, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Hg, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Zn, and Zr) [29]. Because 39 kinds of elements are painstakingly picked out, many elements are quite representative. From the periodic table of the elements shown in **Figure 2**, it can be seen that every family has at least one representative element except family 16 and 18.

. Sampled material was passed through a 40-mesh sieve before being

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84725*

Chaganbulagen lead, zinc, and silver [25].

*fault;* ⑥*, Arongqi fault;* ⑦*, Muhaer fault;* ⑧*, Haligou fault.*

**2.3 Geochemical data**

**Figure 1.**

site per 4 km2

*The Geochemical Data Imaging and Application in Geoscience: Taking the Northern… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84725*

#### **Figure 1.**

*Applied Geochemistry with Case Studies on Geological Formations, Exploration Techniques…*

on lithology mapping with hyperspectral tools [17–22].

were taken as the experiment area.

rasterized geochemical data.

**2.1 Experimental area**

**2.2 Geological background**

**2. Experimental area and method**

The raster image application in geology was further improved with the development of remote sensing technology. With respect to the application of remote sensing in geology, several books on the geological structural interpretation were published [7, 8]. As the multispectral and hyperspectral imaging rapidly grows, most of the researches paid much attention to the extraction of altered mineral information which were often related to different types of ore deposits [9–16]. These ore deposits include Carlin-type deposit, Archean massive sulfide deposit, skarn-type deposit, and volcanic massive sulfide deposit. Some studies also focused

Only little geochemical data was rasterized. It is partly because the rastering process is more complex, and also the formed raster image could not produce good visual effect due to the low sample density. It is worth mentioning that the geochemical data with vector format can provide relatively simple results; thus the rasterized image appears superfluous. A small amount of research focused on geochemical data rasterization. A technique of metal content on maps was developed [23]. Utilizing ALKEMIA software, Gustavsson et al. [24] designed an interpolation and smoothing method to generate maps including dot maps, color maps, and shaded relief maps. In this study, geochemical data of the northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt

A geochemical survey with the scale of 1:200,000 was conducted in a large area of the Daxinganling region [6]. In follow-up to that research, the objectives of the present study are to evaluate the rasterization method of geochemical data obtained from the northern Daxinganling region, use rasterized geochemical data to assist in geological mapping and prospecting target selection, and propose an application of

The northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt was chosen as an experimental area. The Daxinganling metallogenic belt generally refers to an area including the main ridge of the Daxinganling Mountains and both of its east and west slopes.

The Daxinganling region generally refers to an area that includes the main ridge of the Daxinganling Mountains and the eastern and western slopes of the ridge (**Figure 1**). The region is located between the Siberian and North China plates [26, 27]. Several of its tectonic units had been divided (**Figure 1**). In this region, the Proterozoic strata are comprised of epicontinental detritus from volcanic eruptions and carbonate sedimentary formations. The strata constitute the Precambrian crystalline basement [26]. The cap rock is composed of the Paleozoic group, including the Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous series, which are sets of epicontinental clastic rock, specifically carbonate rocks interlayered with rock from volcanic eruptions and sedimentary formations. The Mesozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous series are primarily comprised of rock from nonmarine volcanic eruptions and sedimentary formations. An important area of concentrated mineralization exists in the western region of the Hulunhu-Eerguna fault (fault ① in **Figure 1**). In this area, many deposits exist [28]. The mineralization is mainly subvolcanic-hydrothermal-type deposit and porphyry deposit. The porphyry deposit is predominantly comprised

**54**

*Geotectonic units of northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt (after [25]). 1, main fault and borderline of the third-order geotectonic unit; 2, the number of third-order geotectonic unit; 3, the number of fourth-order geotectonic unit; 4, Proterozoic lift; 5, early Paleozoic lift; 6, late Paleozoic lift; 7, magmatic area mainly activated in Hercynian period; 8, lift of Mesozoic volcanic and intrusive rocks; 9, basin of Mesozoic volcanic rocks; 10, Cretaceous fault-depression basin; 11, town. The name of main fault:* ①*, Hulunhu-Eerguna fault;*  ②*, De'erbugan fault;* ③*, Elunchun-Toudaoqiao fault;* ④*, Daxinganling main ridge fault;* ⑤*, Nenjiang fault;* ⑥*, Arongqi fault;* ⑦*, Muhaer fault;* ⑧*, Haligou fault.*

of substantial deposits of Wunugetushan porphyry copper, as well as Jiawula and Chaganbulagen lead, zinc, and silver [25].

#### **2.3 Geochemical data**

The northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt has two major geographic landscapes, i.e., forest swamp area and semidesert area. The sampling media differed in the two landscapes [29]. The northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt has two major geographic landscapes, i.e., forest swamp area and semidesert area. The sampling media differed in the two landscapes [29]. The 1:200,000 geochemical survey was completed in the Manzhouli area, which covers a total of 13 geological sheets (e.g., Toudaolvdian (M-50-(24)), Manzhoulishi (M-50-(22)), etc.). The geochemical survey was based on stream sediment [30]. The average sampling density was one site per 4 km2 . Sampled material was passed through a 40-mesh sieve before being sent for analysis in the laboratory [31]. The contents of a total of 39 elements, of which seven were major elements, were analyzed, specifically Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, and the 32 trace elements (Ag, As, Au, B, Be, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Hg, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Zn, and Zr) [29]. Because 39 kinds of elements are painstakingly picked out, many elements are quite representative. From the periodic table of the elements shown in **Figure 2**, it can be seen that every family has at least one representative element except family 16 and 18.
