**3. Results**

### **3.1 Building geochemical atlas**

After 39 kinds of geochemical elements (or oxide) were generated, they would be put together to form an image atlas. The method is simple, namely, using "Laystacking" command, respectively, each image was successively overlayered together.

From the view of spectroscopy, the geochemical elements need to be classified. In the periodic table of the elements, elements of the same family possess similar chemical properties, and they have similar enrichment characteristics in the earth. In accordance with the periodic table, the element family was arranged from left to right. In each family, the order was arranged from top to bottom. In this way, the order of the arranged geochemical elements was as follows: Li, Na2O, K2O, Be, MgO, CaO, Sr, Ba, Y, La, Th, U, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe2O3, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, B, Al2O3, SiO2, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, Bi, and F.

### **3.2 Geochemical spectrum**

In ENVI software, it is very easy to form the spectra which are constituted of the results of different geochemical elements. This paper defined these spectra as geochemical spectra, which is somewhat similar to the geochemical anomaly and the geochemical chart mentioned in geochemistry, all of which imply the content of geochemical element. All the data in the element content image are with original value, which is easy for data comparisons. If only considering the characteristic of the spectrum, methods of normalization may be adopted, namely, histogram stretching was conducted on each element content image to form the numerical range from 0 to 1, thus creating a clearer and more obvious contrast geochemical spectrum. **Figure 6** shows a comparison of the spectrum of main ore deposits in the Manzhouli region. The ore deposits shown in **Figure 6** are Sanhe lead-zinc deposit, Xiahulin lead-zinc deposit, Waixinhe molybdenum deposit, Babayi copper deposit, Wunugetushan copper-molybdenum deposit, Jiawula lead-zinc deposit, Chaganbulagen lead-zinc-silver deposit, and Erentaolegai silver deposit, respectively.

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**Figure 7.**

*The Geochemical Data Imaging and Application in Geoscience: Taking the Northern…*

The rasterized geochemical image (**Figure 7**) may be carried out by image enhancement. For example, if expanding or changing the value field range of gray scale, or changing the distributional pattern of gray value, the sharpness of image may be enhanced. Some methods, e.g., direct gray transformation, histogram equalization, etc. may be adopted. And in order to make the edge of the image bright and clear, the image filtering method could be used. The image formed from geochemical data can constitute the ternary RGB image, e.g., the formed K2O-Na2O-SiO2 image (**Figure 8**); it is known that K-Na-Si ingredient can be used to judge the composition of rocks.

Geochemical image can carry out a numerical statistics, which are somewhat different from the statistics of data of geochemical sampling sites. It is statistics of

*Geochemical spectrum of typical deposits in Manzhouli region after histogram stretching.*

*Rasterized grayscale map of Na2O element content in the middle segment of Daxinganling metallogenic belt.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84725*

**3.4 Image statistics**

**Figure 6.**

**3.3 Image display and image enhancement**

*The Geochemical Data Imaging and Application in Geoscience: Taking the Northern… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84725*
