List of symbols

The following symbols are used in this chapter:


• The optimal solutions are found to be insensitive to changes in the shear constraint. Shear constraint is not usually critical in the optimal design of reinforced concrete T-beams

• The observations of optimal solution results reveal that the use of optimization based on the optimum cost design concept may lead to substantial savings in the amount of construction materials to be used in comparison to classical design solutions of reinforced

• The objective function and the constraints considered in this chapter are illustrative in nature. This approach based on nonlinear mathematical programming can be easily extended to other sections commonly used in structural design. More sophisticated objectives and considerations can be readily accommodated by suitable modifications of the

• In this chapter, we have included the additional cost of formwork which makes a significant contribution to the total costs. This integration is important for an economical

• The suggested methodology for optimum cost design is effective and more economical compared to the classical methods. The results of the analysis show that the optimization

• The comparison of optimal solutions for minimum cost and minimum weight shows that the construction cost affects significantly the optimal sizes. Not only do we use the mass but the cost as objective function as well which contains the material and construction

fck Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of ordinary or HSC at 28 days

process presented herein is effective and its application appears feasible.

provision costs. The difference is caused by construction details costs.

under bending and thus can be excluded from problem formulation.

concrete T-beams.

136 Optimum Composite Structures

Appendix

List of symbols

optimal cost design model.

approach to design and manufacture.

The following symbols are used in this chapter:

C20/25 Class of ordinary concrete

fctm Tensile strength of concrete

γ<sup>c</sup> Partial safety factor for concrete

fcd Design value of concrete compressive strength

C70/85 Class of HSC S400 Grade of steel S500 Grade of steel



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