**4. Conclusion**

**Figure 2.** Schematic representation of phthalates effects on reproductive system.

urea level, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, etc. [61].

54 Endocrine Disruptors

liver of mice. The DBP alters the renal and hepatic cell structure by raising uric acid, blood

The prenatal exposure of DBP causes dysplasia in kidney of newborn offspring, while sever renal fibrosis in young adults. However, the mechanism of these disorders remains enigmatic. From current review of literature, it is concluded that the increase use of plastic products enhances the phthalates in environment. The epidemiological studies of human as well experimental trials on animal models investigated the adverse effect of BPS and DBP at lower and higher doses. The reproductive system of male and female are at higher risk of exposure to these chemicals. In females, reduced size of mammary glands, degeneration of ovaries, immature follicles, and pubertal disorders were observed. While in males, decrease in sperm count, damage to sperm duct, and reduced testis was examined in various animal models.
