**1. Introduction**

POPs are organic compounds that resist chemical, biological, and photolytic degradation due to their inherent characteristics. Their low water solubility and high lipid solubility facilitate their bioaccumulation in fatty tissues of living organisms. Many are also semi-volatile, which

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enable them to be transported long distances through the atmosphere. Due to its persistence behavior, POPs are today present all over the world, found in every major climatic zone and geographic sector, including deserts, the Arctic, and the Antarctic were no major local POPs sources exist [1].

There exist several different forms of POPs, natural as well as anthropogenic. Those noted for their persistence and ability to bioaccumulate include many of the first-generation organochlorine insecticides, e.g., Dieldrin and DDT, as well as industrial products or by-products such as PCBs and dioxins. Due to their persistence and ability to accumulate and biomagnifies in living tissues, they can cause harm in the environment for an extensive amount of time [1].

In May 2001, the Stockholm Convention on Persistence Organic pollutant is one of a global, legally binding instrument, aimed at protecting human health and environment across the world from the harmful impact of persistent organic pollutant. According to the Stockholm Convention, this convention perhaps best understood as having five essential aims, such as eliminating dangerous pops by starting from the 12 worst, supporting the transition to safer alternatives, targeting additional POPs for action, cleaning up old stockpiles and equipment containing pops, and working together for POPs free nature.

Regarding the convention, Ethiopia has been proclaimed the ratification of this convention on- 2nd day July 2002, Proclamation No. 279/2002, which is the Stockholm Convention on Persistence Organic Pollutant. There are articles that stated in the convention for the management of persistent organic pollutant. Article 5 of the convention deals with the unintentionally produced POPs. It requires each party to take measures to reduce the total releases derived from anthropogenic sources of Annex C chemicals, i.e., HCB, PCBs, dioxins, and furans.

Developing an action plan to identify, characterize, and address the unintentional release of these chemicals is the major obligation of each party. The action plan should evaluate current and projected releases, develop source inventories, and release estimates. It should also evaluate the efficacy of laws and policies relating to the management of such releases. In addition to- the action plan, each party is required to (i) promote feasible, practical measures that can expeditiously achieve a significant on reduction of these releases; (ii) promote and/or require use- of substitute materials or processes to prevent the formation of these chemicals; (iii) promote- and implement, in accordance with the action plan, the use of best available techniques and best environmental practices for existing and any newly identified sources of the chemicals.-

The main sources of unintentionally produced POPs cover a wide range of economic activities including industrial processes, such as ferrous and nonferrous metals production, cement and other minerals production, and production and use of chemicals and consumer goods, such as manufacture of pulp and paper, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, and leather products. The other categories include waste incineration, power generation and other fuel burning, transport; uncontrolled combustion processes such as agricultural and forest fires, drying of biomass, crematoria, dry cleaning, and tobacco smoking are also considered as having the potential for formation and release of these chemicals to the environment [2].

This book chapter evaluates the sources and management practice of the unintentionally produced persistence organic pollutants such as dioxin and furan especially in the service sectors. Potentially available literatures covering the concept of persistence organic pollutant, the birth of the Stockholm Convention, identification, and quantification of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutant, environmental and health impact of persistent organic pollutant, and policy and regulation framework of pops management were discussed. The global experience and practices of POPs are also discussed.
