**12. Conclusion**

The major anthropogenic sources of emission of dioxin and furan (PCDD/PCDF) have generalized as 9 source groups, 15 source categories, and 25 classes. To quantify the release of PCDD/PCDF, an activity rate data and emission factor of each source category is required. The default model of emission factor prepared by UNEP to convert the annual activity rate data into annual release OF PCDD/PCDF in g TQE for different environment media is mostly used if there is no experimentally proved emission factor data found.

Most of the service sectors in developing countries have no control system for emission of dioxin and furan. Also, the regulatory issue of dioxin and furan is risen in various stages of the environment policy and strategies; however, there is no separate guidelines and standards prepared for it. The management practice of dioxin and furan in developing countries is not satisfactory, so that it needs consideration technology, capacity building, and regulatory empowerment options.
