*11.1.7. Textile production*

Studies indicated that about 75% of the textile wastes from the industries were simply discharged to the sewerage line rather than treating and releasing into the water bodies, whereas 25% of textile wastes react to emission control [28]. This implies that majority of the industries have improper management of waste water released from their industries.

#### *11.1.8. Leather refining-*

Regarding the emissions reduction management of PCDD/PCDF from leather refining industries, 7 or 99% of leather refining industry respondents revealed that their organizations have treated the wastewater via treatment plant. The rest 1% of industries do not have treatment plant but they are simply discharge into sewerage line, so that the PCDD/PCDF reduction was properly managed at leather refining industry.-

### *11.1.9. Dry cleaning*

The management practices of PCDD/PCDF from source category of dry cleaning have no optimum management practices for emission control. About 86.7% of respondent of dry cleaning industries revealed that their organization utilized chemical for dry cleaning and disposed the by-product through sewerage line, so that they easily generated and emit PCDD/PCDF without control.

#### *11.1.10. Tobacco smoking*

There are no management practices of PCDD/PCDF emission from tobacco smoking activities in the city.

#### *11.1.11. Waste disposal*

In the city of Addis Ababa, there is no management practices of leachate or seepage liquids disposed from solid waste. This implies that PCDD/PCDF can be easily emitted from these anthropogenic activities. Also, there is no adequate treatment of sewage that can control emission of dioxin and furan from sewage treatment.
