**6.3. Arctic**

In Arctic, the human monitoring on POPs was done by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) in 1994 and 2002 to assess the contaminant levels in the blood (AMAP, 2000; AMAP, 2002). Blood samples from human living in the Arctic regions of the eight circumpolar countries, including Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States, were collected and analyzed for POPs in order to evaluate the regional and spatial trends of pollution, to determine the sources and its pathways, and to determine human impact, including chronic effect, posed by POPs in this region. They have drawn spatial trends by evaluating the POPs level detected in the blood samples of human from different regions.

#### **6.4. Canada**

In Canada, pesticides-related POPs are managed under the Pest Control product Act (PCPA). For management of these pollutants, all import, used, and sold activities of pesticides must be registered at the Pest Management Regulatory Agency [23]. Under the Protocols on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the production and use of aldrin, chlordane, chlordecone, dieldrin, endrin, hexabromobiphenyl, mirex, and toxaphene are banned. Also, the use of DDT, HCH (including lindane), and PCBs is restricted. The Toxic Substances Management Policy (TSMP) of the country is a preventive and precautionary approach to virtually eliminate all POPs listed under the Stockholm Convention and to minimize the release of such chemicals to the environment [24]. Furthermore, Canada has adopted a new program called Chemicals Management Plan to evaluate the negatively impacting chemicals by risk assessment approaches for determining whether a chemical usage restriction or ban [25]. Also, the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) of Environment Canada, in its Environmental Protection Act, 1999, necessitates all company or facility which has approximately 10 or more full-time employees and uses one or more of the listed hazardous substances to register and report the total amount of each of the hazardous substances used during the year [25].
