**4. Conclusion**

In the last decades of vitamin E research, the liver appeared as the central organ for the uptake, distribution, metabolism, and storage of vitamin E. Thus, it is also a starting point for various strategies for the modulation of the vitamin E homeostasis. Based on current knowledge, we identified physiological, nonphysiological as well as pathophysiological factors influencing the hepatic handling of vitamin E, verifying the crucial role of the liver in vitamin E homeostasis (a brief schematic overview is provided in **Figure 1**). Nevertheless, further studies

**Figure 1.** The crucial role of the liver in vitamin E homeostasis.

are needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the described disturbances of hepatic vitamin E handling by various factors.
