4.4. Ameliorates muscle cramps

Vitamin E-deficient muscle in animals has been shown to provide increased susceptibility to peroxidative damage.

Radical-mediated oxidative damage of skeletal muscle membranes has been implicated in the fatigue process. Moreover, in hemodialysis patients, ROS-mediated damages occur during hemodialysis-induced muscle hypoperfusion and ischemia, as well as because of activation of macrophages and leukocytes passing dialysis membranes. Vitamin E is a major chain-breaking antioxidant that has been shown to reduce contraction-mediated oxidative damage. Vitamin E deficiency would adversely affect muscle contractile function, resulting in a more rapid development of muscular fatigue during exercise [4, 20].
