**7. Conclusion**

The simulation in **Figures 1** and **2** suggests that investigations along with the body propagation model can lead to more affirmative results to determine and predict the cancerous abnormalities in the breast. For example, at 4 GHz, the reflection coefficient of a normal breast tissue is reaching to 75%, but at the same, the frequency for a tumor-containing breast is

As discussed, screening and diagnostic testing for the presence of cancer is a probabilistic process; therefore, UWB should also have a percentage of accuracy, efficiency, and other associated probabilities. However, UWB for breast cancer detection is still not completely used for clinical testing. So, these probabilities haven't been determined yet. But it must be well understood that increasing the true-positive rate and true-negative rate is very much dependent on the accuracy of the received signal. This puts a good responsibility on the receiver to detect the signals correctly. Hence, receiver design is very important. In this regard, two things could be catered: (1) antenna engineering and (2) inducing intelligence in the receiver to separate and classify the signals coming from normal and cancerous

**6. Research areas in UWB breast cancer detection**

**Figure 2.** Trends in reflection and transmission coefficients for tumor-containing breast [14].

reaching to 90%.

10 UWB Technology and its Applications

**6.1. Receiver design**

breast.

This chapter has briefly discussed about the procedures of different breast cancer screening and detection including x-ray mammography, MRI, PET, and ultrasound. These are the techniques which are clinically being used commonly around the world. However, survey showed that these testing methods do not give a very good quality measures. In this regard UWB technology for early detection of breast cancers is discussed with their two important methodologies, namely microwave tomography and UWB radars.

Although many experimental researches have been conducted, but still the clinical translation of this research is not deployed. The clinical practice of UWB will definitely produce new problems which would rectify and improve the UWB technology for screening and detection of breast tumors. But still because of the advantages that UWB has promised to provide are surly to take it a long way and unbeatable competitor against x-ray mammography, MRI, PET, and ultrasound. However, it can be seen that UWB in combination with other screening methods can prove useful in early detection of breast cancers. UWB has an advantage of being low cost, non-ionizing, and noninvasive. This makes it a human health-friendly technology.

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