**6. Development trend with geotextile-related products**

#### **6.1. Geotextiles**

Production Advancement Research (CPAR) and has been developing innovative technologies using geotextile for the construction and maintenance of seawalls, rivers, canals, harbors,

Previously, environmental adaptive geosynthetics, which we have described as "Usual Geosynthetics," have not changed much over the past 20 years, but the paradigm of composite products using extreme strength fibers with the keyword of diversification of applications is being created. In other words, the development demand for divergence-targeted products, which means creation of usage as protection, maintenance, and restoration concept from natural disaster, is growing as megatrend of product development [11–14]. We will introduce the recently introduced fiber-reinforced geosynthetic products based on the concept in **Figure 1**.

Environmental adaptive geosynthetics introduced as "Usual Geosynthetics" has not changed much over the past 20 years, but the paradigm of composite products using extreme strength

breakwater, dikes, coastal protection, roads, landfills, and reclaimed land.

**Figure 6.** Photographs of geocontainer application. (a) Spreading, (b) filling soils, and (c) dumping.

**5. Technical development trend of geosynthetics**

**5.1. Environmental adaptive geosynthetics**

**Figure 5.** Schematic diagram of geotube.

82 Engineered Fabrics

fibers with diversification of uses has been created.

**1.** Nonwoven geotextile products

High weight, over 5000 g/㎡ Smart fusion multifunction product Filter products for nanofiber applications Composite products, etc.

#### **2.** Woven geotextile products

High strength, 30 ton/m or more tensile strength demanded Creep property improvement product Low-elongation high-strength yarn use Smart fusion multifunction product Composite products, etc.

**7. Functional geotextile-related products**

**7.1. For separation, filtration, and reinforcement functions**

improve the tensile strength in weft direction (**Figure 7**).

the upper part and can be used as a composite product.

**7.2. Multiaxial geocomposite for reinforcement**

**7.3. Geotextiles for preventing reflective crack**

In order to improve the separating function of the geotextile for reinforcement, it is possible to improve physical properties and permeability by designing the smoothness of the woven fabric at a high level and to improve the morphological stability by designing the tissue for controlling apparent opening size (AOS) [11–13]. Especially, it is designed to improve the tensile strength of fabric by improving density of weft yarn and double yarn design so as to

Polymeric Synthetic Fabrics to Improve Stability of Ground Structure in Civil Engineering…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81246

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This product has the overall performance (chemical stability, higher tensile property, and water permittivity, etc.) as the geomembrane protection mat in the landfill construction caused by the working vehicle and the aggregate applied to the leachate drainage layer and at

As shown in **Figure 6**, geocomposite fabrication technology and products were developed to enhance the reinforcement function of geosynthetics by applying multiaxial knit fabric and geotextile composite technology by developing not biaxial but multiaxial knit. In addition, a smart monitoring high-performance multiaxial geocomposite technology is being developed in parallel to embed an optical fiber sensor in a multiaxial geocomposite appropriately to monitor the damage of the geocomposite due to stress concentration in real time (**Figure 8**).

Geotextiles applied on the top of the packed and unpacked road subgrade is considered to be the top layer of the bottom layer consisting of roadbed soil and the top layer consisting of soil or aggregate laid for construction. If the two layers are not properly separated, the particles of the lower layer penetrate the upper part, or the particles of the upper part penetrate the lower layer, causing settlement or cracking of the road. Also, when the bedrock is saturated by rain or other conditions, excess pore water pressure is generated by the traffic volume, so that the bedrock is weak and easily broken. Therefore, proper water discharge must be achieved, and

**Figure 7.** Geotextiles for separation, filtration, and reinforcement. (a) Separation, (b) filtration, and (c) reinforcement.

#### **6.2. Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs)**

Differentiated hydraulic function product Salt water swelling improvement product Products with improved freeze-thaw stability Selective-order function products, etc.

#### **6.3. Filter and drainage geotextiles**

Minimization of penetration by constraint load Clogging prevention and minimization products Biodegradable multifunctional products, etc.

#### **6.4. Geotubes and geocontainers**

High strength, 50 ton/m or more tensile strength demanded Creep performance improvement products Permeability and sealing property improvement products Ultraviolet and salt water stability improvement products, etc.

#### **6.5. Miscellaneous**

Concrete reinforcement geocomposites Silt fence products Seam properties improvement products Ultraviolet and salt water stability improvement products, etc.
