**Sustainable Aquaculture**

**Chapter 2**

**Provisional chapter**

**Integrated Rice and Aquaculture Farming**

**Integrated Rice and Aquaculture Farming**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78062

The burning problems like scarcity of food for ever-growing human population in the present world are addressed by adapting various methods for production of protein, carbohydrate, oils and other food materials. One of the methods to produce high amount of food is integrated farming including rice-aquaculture farming, which produces protein and carbohydrate as major components besides others. Rice-aquaculture farming produces grain (carbohydrate) and animal protein without affecting the quality and quantity of rice yield on the same piece of land and renders additional financial gain besides main crop (rice) like conventional monoculture. The aquatic species grown in the integrated culture are mainly distinct types of fishes, selected crustaceans and other selected species. Profitable rice-aquaculture integrated farming is popular in Asian countries than in Western countries. However, the integrated rice-aquaculture farming has its own limitations. The type of methods, culture species, influencing factors, and pros and cons of

Ever-growing human population occupies the available land area in the world by encroachment. This is happening due to drastic increase in population dynamics worldwide. According to US Census Bureau world population estimate, the world's population in 1901 was 1.6 billion; it was 3 billion by 1960, 5 billion by 1987, 6 billion by 1999 and 6.8 billion by 2009 and became approximately 7.9 billion by 2018. Based on the statistics, it is known that one billion population is getting added to the current population by every 9–12 years. Currently, the second highest populated country in the world is India. Based on the recent statistics, India's present population has reached 1.2 billion. Though China is occupying the first place

rice-aquaculture integrated farming are discussed in the present chapter.

**Keywords:** integrated farming, rice, aquaculture, fishes, crustaceans

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Pamuru Ramachandra Reddy and Battina Kishori

Pamuru Ramachandra Reddy and Battina Kishori

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78062

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

### **Integrated Rice and Aquaculture Farming Integrated Rice and Aquaculture Farming**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78062

Pamuru Ramachandra Reddy and Battina Kishori Pamuru Ramachandra Reddy and Battina Kishori

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78062

## **Abstract**

The burning problems like scarcity of food for ever-growing human population in the present world are addressed by adapting various methods for production of protein, carbohydrate, oils and other food materials. One of the methods to produce high amount of food is integrated farming including rice-aquaculture farming, which produces protein and carbohydrate as major components besides others. Rice-aquaculture farming produces grain (carbohydrate) and animal protein without affecting the quality and quantity of rice yield on the same piece of land and renders additional financial gain besides main crop (rice) like conventional monoculture. The aquatic species grown in the integrated culture are mainly distinct types of fishes, selected crustaceans and other selected species. Profitable rice-aquaculture integrated farming is popular in Asian countries than in Western countries. However, the integrated rice-aquaculture farming has its own limitations. The type of methods, culture species, influencing factors, and pros and cons of rice-aquaculture integrated farming are discussed in the present chapter.

**Keywords:** integrated farming, rice, aquaculture, fishes, crustaceans
