**Author details**

• U-type (normal foveal contour)—the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris

• V-type (steep foveal contour)—retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris layers

• W-type (foveal defect of neurosensory retina)—terminating of sensory retinal layers leading to exposure of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris layers to the surface

OCT can be used for serial follow-up of the fellow eye to pick up early changes. Patients with a full-thickness macular hole in one eye and foveal abnormalities in the fellow eye, consistent with a stage 1 macular hole, have a high risk of progression in the fellow eye. A close follow-

OCT is vital for ophthalmologic clinical and surgical decision-making, in particular for macular pathologies. It complements clinical examination in diagnosing vitreoretinal interface pathologies, including macular hole [27]. OCT allows the clinician to detect initial stages of macular hole, follow its progression, and intervene early in case of progression to full-thickness holes. It can unequivocally detect the presence of a macular hole as well as changes in the surrounding retina, distinguishing it from lamellar holes and cystic lesions of the macula. Also, the status of the vitreomacular interface can be evaluated. Various macular hole factors enable the surgeon to discuss the prognosis with patients to give a more realistic expectation. Novel surgical modifications have been attempted for large macular holes diagnosed on OCT, with improved postoperative results. Intraoperative OCT is a new tool in the armamentarium helping the surgeon evaluate the completeness of ILM peel with minimal tissue disruption, thus aiding postoperative hole closure. Postoperative evaluation with OCT helps to elucidate the structural and functional changes associated with different surgical techniques. It helps us understand the mechanisms of postoperative improvement observed along with changes in the retinal architecture. OCT also helps us correlate anatomic success with functional success/

up of these patients can help early intervention resulting in better visual outcomes.

failure, based on various types of hole closures and integrity of IS/OS junction.

ophthalmic knowledge with a parallel improvement in patient care.

With advances in OCT entering clinical practice, we can see an exponential expansion of our

covered with moderately backscattering layers with a notch

Postoperative acuity was well correlated with these patterns of OCT images.

layers covered by a smooth surface

**7. OCT in the fellow eye**

92 OCT - Applications in Ophthalmology

**8. Summary**

**Conflict of interest**

No conflict of interest.

Sana I. Tinwala

Address all correspondence to: sanailyas22@gmail.com

Anuditi Eye Care, Mumbai, India
