**5. Results**

#### **5.1. Younger**

In the first study group were young people aged 18–35. The sample consisted of 115 people, birth year from 1982 to 1999, and the average age was 25 years (year 1992). Most respondents (44%) were students, slightly fewer were employed (31%), and the least were the unemployed (24%). Given the percentages, the students are predominant, which is not surprising, but it could be believed that unemployed could be predominant; given the high level of unemployment, many young people are extending their studies and in such a way the unemployment rate is lower than it would actually be. The fact is that many young people are studying or trying to maintain the status of a student for as long as possible, because the status of a student offers more benefits than unemployment itself.

The results of the survey show that the majority (57%) of young people aged between 18 and 35 live with their parents, some live with their partner (20%), and 17% are tenants in a real estate. Only 3% of respondents answered that they live in a dormitory. It was also offered to respondents the option "other," where four answers have been received: (1) I live in an apartment which is owned by my parents, (2) I live in a mansard apartment at my parents, (3) I live in a weekend house, and (4) I currently reside at my parents, but am in the process of building my own house. To summarize the answers that were obtained under the "other" option, it could be seen that these 3% also live with parents or are directly linked to them. If these 3% are added to 57% living with parents and 3% living in the dormitory, it can be concluded that almost 63% of the young people, covered by the survey, live with parents or in interdependence with them (parent-owned housing).

are poorly informed about the conditions, advantages/disadvantages of credit and leasing. It could be considered that in the case of better information, leasing as a form of real estate financing would select more percentages of the respondents. Based on the results, it was found that young people intend to finance their future real estate with debt sources (37%) or with a combination of equity and debt sources (23%) or partly by respondent, partly by a partner (25%). The results show that young people do not expect much help from their parents, which on one hand is surprised, on the other hand it could be concluded that their parents are already indebted to other real estate and movable property which means that they could not

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contribute with some large amounts to the financing of the property for the children.

of the care for their children.

Young people were also asked in what cases young people would be willing to pay more for real estate. The results show that they would pay more only if the property would be close to the workplace (44%), and in the second place, they answered in 19% that they would not pay more in any case. It was found that for young people, the location of the property close to their workplace is very important; this is practically the only reason why they are ready to pay more for the property. Under the option "other, three answers have been received. Young people would pay more if they had more money, someone familiar with the forms of stay abroad expressed the desire to be willing to pay more only in the case of a protected reputable neighborhood which are common practice in some other countries, and someone in case if the apartment would be adapted for people with disabilities. On the basis of 19% of the responses who said that they would not pay more for the property in any case, and on the basis of the answer to pay more if they had more money, it could be concluded that a part of the problem that lies in these answers shows the lack of financial resources. It is also interesting to note that only 7% of respondents would pay more for real estate if they were close to their parents. The reason for this could be the fact that the property is not near to their workplace, and in the case of making a decision, they would rather choose the proximity of the workplace. This is also reflected by 44% of the answers that they would pay more only if the property would be close to the workplace. While another reason could also indicate a low percentage of young people who favor an advantage of the family before workplace. But in such case, they are deprived

The survey included questions about how many young people thought and how much they were actually acquainted with the conditions of buying/renting a non-profit apartment. The results show that 45% of respondents thought about this, while 55% did not think yet about it. A low percentage of young people is acquainted also with the conditions and procedure

Given the high youth unemployment in Slovenia and the already mentioned financial distress, in the survey, young people were asked how many are willing to move abroad because of a better financial situation. It was found out that as many as 63% of respondents were willing to move abroad, while the 37% would stay. Considering the percentage of young people who are willing to move abroad, young people can be quite desperate or open-minded and ready to take risks. The results confirm that young people in Slovenia are in a difficult situation, which is also confirmed by numerous researches carried out by experts. Those who stated that they would not move abroad were asked the reason why they do not want to

relating to the purchase/rent of non-profit dwelling, only 33%.

Respondents were asked to explain how they finance the property in which they live; mainly the costs of maintaining the property were assumed; to some young people, parents also cover other living expenses. It has been found that for 41% of young people, real estate is financed by their parents, assuming that those are still unemployed or younger young people. Second are those whose real estate is partially financed by them and the other part by their parents (23%); it was assumed that they live with their parents and have their own source of income. In 17% of cases, the property is financed by the interviewee together with a partner; for some of them, their properties are fully funded by a partner (6%), while others finance it completely alone (5%). Only 2% of the respondents financed their property by loan, and none with leasing. Respondents also mentioned other options: they finance the property partly with the resources of the parents and partly with the resources of the grandparents; partly with the resources of the parents and partly with the funds of the brother; partly with own resources, partly with the resources of the parents and the partner; partly with the resources of the parents, partly with the resources of the partner; the partner is the owner of the property and does not have a loan. Based on the obtained answers, it was concluded that the real estate in which young people currently live between 18 and 35 are financed by parents and in some cases by a partner. The vast majority of young people do not have costs for financing of their accommodation (47%) (fully with the parents: 41%, fully partner: 6%) or they share the costs (40%) (partly with own funds, partly from the parents: 23%, partly alone, partly partner: 17%). Only 7% of respondents fully finance their real estate themselves (entirely by their own sources: 5%, with a credit: 2%). Two percent of younger people responded that they financed the property partly with bank loan and partly with the funds of the parents. In this case, bank loan can be rented by parents or respondents. Analyzing the answers, received under the option "other," it was found that grandparents and siblings play an important role in financing. It could be considered that there would be much more such answers, insofar as these two options would be offered in the possible answers.

It was found that to the young, the real estate means primarily independence (34%) and security (29%). Interestingly, real estate does not represent costs to any respondent. If so, the explanation could be found in the formulation of the question. Respondents were asked what a property in general means to them. According to the question, the results obtained are completely justified. Maybe some more answers with the offered option "privacy" were expected. Based on the results, it was found that real estate represents security, independence, and privacy to young people, which is also the basic function of the real estate itself.

Young people intend their future real estate (in the vast majority of this is a house) finance mainly with a loan (37%), some of them partially alone, partly with their partner (25%) and partly with own funds, partly by bank loan (23%). Only the real estate of one respondent will be fully financed with the resources of the parents. Very few young people would decide for a lease (3%). In this case, it is possible that the young people, as well as the general public, are poorly informed about the conditions, advantages/disadvantages of credit and leasing. It could be considered that in the case of better information, leasing as a form of real estate financing would select more percentages of the respondents. Based on the results, it was found that young people intend to finance their future real estate with debt sources (37%) or with a combination of equity and debt sources (23%) or partly by respondent, partly by a partner (25%). The results show that young people do not expect much help from their parents, which on one hand is surprised, on the other hand it could be concluded that their parents are already indebted to other real estate and movable property which means that they could not contribute with some large amounts to the financing of the property for the children.

option, it could be seen that these 3% also live with parents or are directly linked to them. If these 3% are added to 57% living with parents and 3% living in the dormitory, it can be concluded that almost 63% of the young people, covered by the survey, live with parents or

Respondents were asked to explain how they finance the property in which they live; mainly the costs of maintaining the property were assumed; to some young people, parents also cover other living expenses. It has been found that for 41% of young people, real estate is financed by their parents, assuming that those are still unemployed or younger young people. Second are those whose real estate is partially financed by them and the other part by their parents (23%); it was assumed that they live with their parents and have their own source of income. In 17% of cases, the property is financed by the interviewee together with a partner; for some of them, their properties are fully funded by a partner (6%), while others finance it completely alone (5%). Only 2% of the respondents financed their property by loan, and none with leasing. Respondents also mentioned other options: they finance the property partly with the resources of the parents and partly with the resources of the grandparents; partly with the resources of the parents and partly with the funds of the brother; partly with own resources, partly with the resources of the parents and the partner; partly with the resources of the parents, partly with the resources of the partner; the partner is the owner of the property and does not have a loan. Based on the obtained answers, it was concluded that the real estate in which young people currently live between 18 and 35 are financed by parents and in some cases by a partner. The vast majority of young people do not have costs for financing of their accommodation (47%) (fully with the parents: 41%, fully partner: 6%) or they share the costs (40%) (partly with own funds, partly from the parents: 23%, partly alone, partly partner: 17%). Only 7% of respondents fully finance their real estate themselves (entirely by their own sources: 5%, with a credit: 2%). Two percent of younger people responded that they financed the property partly with bank loan and partly with the funds of the parents. In this case, bank loan can be rented by parents or respondents. Analyzing the answers, received under the option "other," it was found that grandparents and siblings play an important role in financing. It could be considered that there would be much more such

answers, insofar as these two options would be offered in the possible answers.

and privacy to young people, which is also the basic function of the real estate itself.

It was found that to the young, the real estate means primarily independence (34%) and security (29%). Interestingly, real estate does not represent costs to any respondent. If so, the explanation could be found in the formulation of the question. Respondents were asked what a property in general means to them. According to the question, the results obtained are completely justified. Maybe some more answers with the offered option "privacy" were expected. Based on the results, it was found that real estate represents security, independence,

Young people intend their future real estate (in the vast majority of this is a house) finance mainly with a loan (37%), some of them partially alone, partly with their partner (25%) and partly with own funds, partly by bank loan (23%). Only the real estate of one respondent will be fully financed with the resources of the parents. Very few young people would decide for a lease (3%). In this case, it is possible that the young people, as well as the general public,

in interdependence with them (parent-owned housing).

128 Housing

Young people were also asked in what cases young people would be willing to pay more for real estate. The results show that they would pay more only if the property would be close to the workplace (44%), and in the second place, they answered in 19% that they would not pay more in any case. It was found that for young people, the location of the property close to their workplace is very important; this is practically the only reason why they are ready to pay more for the property. Under the option "other, three answers have been received. Young people would pay more if they had more money, someone familiar with the forms of stay abroad expressed the desire to be willing to pay more only in the case of a protected reputable neighborhood which are common practice in some other countries, and someone in case if the apartment would be adapted for people with disabilities. On the basis of 19% of the responses who said that they would not pay more for the property in any case, and on the basis of the answer to pay more if they had more money, it could be concluded that a part of the problem that lies in these answers shows the lack of financial resources. It is also interesting to note that only 7% of respondents would pay more for real estate if they were close to their parents. The reason for this could be the fact that the property is not near to their workplace, and in the case of making a decision, they would rather choose the proximity of the workplace. This is also reflected by 44% of the answers that they would pay more only if the property would be close to the workplace. While another reason could also indicate a low percentage of young people who favor an advantage of the family before workplace. But in such case, they are deprived of the care for their children.

The survey included questions about how many young people thought and how much they were actually acquainted with the conditions of buying/renting a non-profit apartment. The results show that 45% of respondents thought about this, while 55% did not think yet about it. A low percentage of young people is acquainted also with the conditions and procedure relating to the purchase/rent of non-profit dwelling, only 33%.

Given the high youth unemployment in Slovenia and the already mentioned financial distress, in the survey, young people were asked how many are willing to move abroad because of a better financial situation. It was found out that as many as 63% of respondents were willing to move abroad, while the 37% would stay. Considering the percentage of young people who are willing to move abroad, young people can be quite desperate or open-minded and ready to take risks. The results confirm that young people in Slovenia are in a difficult situation, which is also confirmed by numerous researches carried out by experts. Those who stated that they would not move abroad were asked the reason why they do not want to move. It was found that they would not move primarily because migration would be a stress and demands good organization (10%), an important reason would be also unknown people and unknown environment (7%), but the language (2%) to young people does not represent major obstacles for migration. It is surprising to find that in second place, with 7%, the answer is "because of unknown people and unknown environment" given that for young people this should not represent a big problem. But the answer for this could be found in a view of the elderly on migration abroad. This is a home-sickness. On the basis of the answers among the elderly, it was found that (also) young people are very much attached to their place; some already have children, and this would make it difficult for them to move, while some are quite unconcerned with the situation of living and working abroad.

As the three most important reasons for buying or renting real estate, the respondents determined the job (37%), independence, that is, leaving parents' home (29%), and higher income (17%). All three reasons are interconnected, since the job represents higher revenues, which in turn leads to independence in this form, so that young people can move away from their parents' home. The opinions of young people about the diversity of accommodation offerings for the younger and older populations in the country were studied. It was found that young people are mostly not satisfied with the situation; 82% of them think that there are fewer opportunities, and only 18% think they are enough. Young people were also asked what they were proposing. They proposed different opinions and suggestions. On the basis of the received proposals and opinions of the respondents, it was found that they see the solution of the situation at the real estate area in the state measures. They think that the state should pay more attention and allocate more resources to young people; they also see the problem in the unemployment of young people and suggest that the state should act in the area of real

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The second part of the study was focused on older people aged 60 and over. The survey sample included 108 people aged 60 and over. The oldest participant was 87 years old (year 1930) and the youngest 60 years (year 1957). The average age was 71 years (year 1946). Older people were included who live at home in their own or rented real estate and not in institutional forms of living. The average age of respondents is appropriate, as this is the age at which individuals, who in large majority, still live in their own real estate (at home), and they

As it has already been stated in Section 1, in the survey, only those older people were included who do not live in institutional forms of living. It was found out that 66% live in their own house, 24% live in their own flat, and 6% are tenants. Other four answers under the offered option "other" were two of them living in the partner's house, one in a nephew's apartment, and one is a part-owner of the house. The survey shows that most elderly people live in their own house. Young respondents also expressed a great desire to live in their own house, but, however, as this and other researches show, the way to get it is difficult. In 44%, the real estate in which old people currently live is financed in part by their own funds and in part by funds of children. Only 18% of the respondents finance their property only with their own funds. Twenty-four percent of respondents answered that they finance the property together with their partner. No one's cost is fully covered by their children or the municipality. There is also no older person with a loan or a lease. There were also three other answers, which show the additional support of children, grandchildren, and siblings. It was found out that the elderly have difficulties with financing of their real estate, and therefore children's resources play an

Considering that respondents do not live in an organized form of living, older people were asked what percentage of income represents the costs of maintaining their property. It was found that for most respondents, the costs are somewhere between 21 and 40%; on average, they are 35.1%. This shows that the elderly have to allocate a large part of their income for

are already thinking about the years to come and what comes with them.

estate prices.

**5.2. Elderly**

important role.

Young people were asked whether they would be willing to move to their older relatives with whom they would coexist in order to solve their housing problem in this way. They would take care of relatives, help them with the maintenance of the property, contribute to the cost of the property, and possibly inherit the property. But only 18% of respondents would decide for this ︣ type of accommodation and 82% would not decide for it. The percentages show that young people are not too enthusiastic about coexistence with the elderly, even if in this case they would be relatives. Young people were also asked if they would be willing to offer assistance in exchange for an apartment, in the case where the landlords were not relatives. This means that in return for free accommodation, young people would take care of the elderly, help them to maintain the property, and share costs. It was found that such a way of coexistence would be accepted by 16% of young people, while the other 84% would not. On this issue, the percentage of young people who are willing to stay in this type of accommodation is even smaller. In case of relatives, the percentage is slightly higher due to the fact that the roommates would know each other (relatives). Those who replied that they would not accept the assistance in exchange for an apartment, as a reason, in most (57%) cases stated that in such a form of coexistence, they would feel uncomfortable and interdependent, because they consider that in the context of the coexistence, there will be disagreements between the generations sooner or later (19%). The results show that young people are not excited about coexistence. Based on the results, it was found that young people want autonomy and independence, which they could not have in such a form of living. This is also confirmed by the results of the question as young people pointed out that property means independence (34%) to them. These answers also indicate that young people want independence, and according to the answers, it was considered that such a way of staying for them would require too much responsibility, which they are not ready to accept.

As the most important factor influencing the decision to buy or rent a property among young people, the respondents determined the proximity of the job, school, and other service activities (33%), and also the price (28%) is an important factor. The fact that young people's proximity to the workplace means a lot is what they have already confirmed that 44% of them stated that if they were in the vicinity of the workplace, they would be willing to pay more for the property. The least attention they paid was to the size of the dwelling (1%), the age of the dwelling (2%), the floor in which is the dwelling (2%), and the functional arrangement of the rooms in the apartment (2%). It is a worrying fact that only 8% of respondents perceive the legal status of the property as the most important factor. Let us emphasize that the legal status of the property is of crucial importance; otherwise, it can cause a lot of inconvenience.

As the three most important reasons for buying or renting real estate, the respondents determined the job (37%), independence, that is, leaving parents' home (29%), and higher income (17%). All three reasons are interconnected, since the job represents higher revenues, which in turn leads to independence in this form, so that young people can move away from their parents' home. The opinions of young people about the diversity of accommodation offerings for the younger and older populations in the country were studied. It was found that young people are mostly not satisfied with the situation; 82% of them think that there are fewer opportunities, and only 18% think they are enough. Young people were also asked what they were proposing. They proposed different opinions and suggestions. On the basis of the received proposals and opinions of the respondents, it was found that they see the solution of the situation at the real estate area in the state measures. They think that the state should pay more attention and allocate more resources to young people; they also see the problem in the unemployment of young people and suggest that the state should act in the area of real estate prices.
