**3. Human settlements and house evolution process**

• Environmental psychology (a discipline that studies the relationships between humans and human communities with the objects, spaces, buildings, natural elements, and phe-

• Ecology (a discipline that studies the relationship between all living organisms and their

All these disciplines are interconnected and have a common purpose: to provide a better understanding of everything about housing concept and urban life. The innovative studies of housing phenomenon, sociology, anthropology, environmental psychology, and human geography build a close life of the city's inhabitants and uncover unpredictable aspects, and it provides unexpected explanations of things that seem banal. These studies can be centered on less visible social groups, survival strategies, cooperation and support activities of social networks, where existing housing mechanisms generate some social problems, etc. Therefore, housing phenomenon and urban studies are not only used to make an academic environment but also to provide the community with a relevant data and materials that help us in taking a fit urban decision and give the city an effective housing strategies and us multiorienteered with a better understand one another and improve our everyday life. Researchers in housing and social life in a city have carefully analyzed the impact of contemporary political and economic systems on people's lives in the urban environment. They focused on the problematic aspects and its effects on people living in the city and benefited us with the solutions. One of the main study subjects, which require an in-depth analysis, is the studies of anthropology. The investigation takes in daily evidence interactions between residence's everyday experiences in a city, negotiations between groups and different houses—in short, the microsocial reality, where anthropology investigation provides the community, a depth analyzes of various groups, communities, economic classes, neighborhoods, human clusters, social networks to facilitate communication, and understanding between them, besides housing phenomenon. The anthropological perspective also offers a critique (often constructive) of culture and the social world, where the anthropological perspective must be at the heart of any project of social, economic, and cultural development. Many cultural descriptions, social projects, or programs to improve life and humanity have failed in history, precisely because they lacked an anthropological perspective.

**2. Housing task between "home requirement and house concept"**

A house is an essential object of our life that represents a professional concern, which is a vast and varied subject of different specialists in planning, financing, design, sociological research, anthropology, anthropometry and hygiene, construction and technology, and administration and maintenance [8]. Our epoch, especially in the second half of it, is fundamentally characterized by a significant increase in the divisions upon collective dwellings and the transition from the individual houses of residential buildings to that of the ensembles, a tension of a sharp rise in the pace of city development. The evolution of the geometric tram is also reflected by a continuous construction regime, in planned or spontaneous growths, which the historians of the house did not give in the past due to importance. As a way of living, there are three main categories distinguished: popular districts, characterized by continuous construction areas, and either of the adjoining houses or the carpet or terraces dictated by the slope of the land dwelling. A rural

nomena that surround them)

living environment) [7].

6 Housing

The human communities in the city take the form of their neighborhoods. The neighborhood is a fundamental element of urban life, because cities grow by addition, not by houses, but by human communities. To understand how these communities are aggregated, we need to understand their relationship with the territory, the critical role of living in a common space, and the ties that are established with it. People act within specific frameworks created on the basis of their lifestyle choices and resources; in this context, they choose the type of housing community to which they belong, appropriate to them: in the urban or rural area, at the house or in the block, and in the center or on the outskirts of the locality. Human settlement perceives itself as a new type of business that reflects a future-oriented component, and a system based on the construction sector, and as something new can be further promoted through its actions. There are three modes with three relationships that can help to understand the connection between the future and the past (history) [10]:


Therefore, one can follow the relationship between people (individual/group) and the architectural element or surrounding objects. The cooperation between the three settlement phenomena can follow three processes:


The city transformations in the recent decades caused by the industrialization and urbanization phenomena have affected the dwelling and the structure of the residential human communities in the sense that they have experienced consolidation processes determined by everyday life in public housing assemblies, processes of population dislocation following urban reconstruction policies, or phenomena such as gentrification. There are many studies on the role of cultural changes in the process of renewal, and there are also no references to classroom membership within the context of discussions about lifestyle, consumption patterns, cultural options, and so on. From this perspective, the middle class gentrification population invests in properties of cultural and historical value (e.g., the preference for a particular architectural style of the building), thus affirming their distance from the inferior social strata and constructing its identity based on consumption as an investment form as a means of personal expression and as a symbol of social status. Changes in the economy have led to new ethics of consumer behavior. It can be viewed spatially, as properties in gentrifying areas are considered to be a commodity for those interested in living in beautiful areas, considering the cultural-historical value and the positioning in the relative neighborhood of what the economy of urban services means. In conclusion, speaking of the influence of culture through the process of renovation, we refer, in particular, not only to the implications of the level of education of the population renewal, but also to the influence of factors such as media consumption, advertising, etc., which outline the system of esthetic preferences of individuals.

It is necessary to define housing course as a viable system of functional (structured) complexes and coordinates. UN had classified settlement and identified 10 general functions that

Introductory Chapter: Housing Policy Matters http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81622 9

Other features are family or individual grades (information, social conditions, etc.)

• Night area (isolation, personal life, relaxation, intimacy) adapted to the functions (4, 6, 7,

• Daily area (animation, collective consciousness, activity) adapted to the functions (1, 2, 3,

The human settlement takes the form of their neighborhoods. The neighborhood is a fundamental element of urban life, because it grows by addition, and not by house application in practice, and wherever the human communities reflect that system correctly. To understand how comprehensive these communities are, it is necessary to understand their relationship with the territory, the critical role of people in a common space, and the ties that are established with it. Residence from the city reacts within a specific framework. However, they are made by their lifestyle choices and the resources that they have. In this context, they have the possibility to choose, which kind of housing community that they belong to, or whether it is appropriate to them, is that organized in the form of the urban or rural zone, is that confirmed in the way of individual or collective arrangement, and is that located in the center or on the outskirts of the locality. The transformations on the human settlement in the recent decades caused by the industrialization and urbanization phenomena have affected the dwelling and the structure of the residential human communities in the sense that they have experienced consolidation processes determined by everyday life in urban housing assemblies, processes of population dislocation following urban deconstruction policies, or phenomena such as

The house functions can be divided into two major zones:

each edifice must have:

**2.** prepare meals,

**5.** study and play,

**3.** dining,

**6.** toilet,

**8.** cleaning,

8, 10)

4, 9, 10).

**1.** recreation and lectures,

**4.** relaxation and sleep,

**7.** hygienic necessities,

**9.** driving and storage, **10.** exterior conditions.

#### **3.1. House edifice and functions**

The house not only fills the requirements, but it is also a pleasure. From the child's stacking of bricks to learning how to master the heavens and space to self-expression, construction is something that concerns us all deeply. The architecture is everywhere; no one avoids it. Even the nonself-employed person still has to live and, as a matter of option, choose a home with care and empathy characterized by his own experiences from previous homes. The same applies to users and clients of other types of buildings. It is easy to lose the perspective in the construction industry's everyday life, both on the lust and on the needs, in search of timetables and cost reductions and the necessity of routines. The breach of the methods and the need to think long-term are nevertheless integrated into the requirement for environmental adjustment. We must keep alive the desire to build. But it can be the essential prerequisite for a rapid breakthrough for new thinking. The requirement for conversion to an environmentally sound construction can adequately utilize, be a challenge to think about what we are about and return to the architecture's starting points: building and living. The building is indeed a short stage in the life of the house or somewhat several recurring short stages. But there is the prerequisite for long and hopeful life. The house, as we treat it in this chapter, is stupid and flowing of energy, air, and water. These are permanent structures, a kind of constants when correctly designed provide space for the different variables of the dwelling. Flexibility and generality are the most durable qualities of the house. If they exist, there are also the conditions for all the attributes and memories that a long life can give. Through proven and straightforward types of houses, many variations can be made.

It is necessary to define housing course as a viable system of functional (structured) complexes and coordinates. UN had classified settlement and identified 10 general functions that each edifice must have:


The city transformations in the recent decades caused by the industrialization and urbanization phenomena have affected the dwelling and the structure of the residential human communities in the sense that they have experienced consolidation processes determined by everyday life in public housing assemblies, processes of population dislocation following urban reconstruction policies, or phenomena such as gentrification. There are many studies on the role of cultural changes in the process of renewal, and there are also no references to classroom membership within the context of discussions about lifestyle, consumption patterns, cultural options, and so on. From this perspective, the middle class gentrification population invests in properties of cultural and historical value (e.g., the preference for a particular architectural style of the building), thus affirming their distance from the inferior social strata and constructing its identity based on consumption as an investment form as a means of personal expression and as a symbol of social status. Changes in the economy have led to new ethics of consumer behavior. It can be viewed spatially, as properties in gentrifying areas are considered to be a commodity for those interested in living in beautiful areas, considering the cultural-historical value and the positioning in the relative neighborhood of what the economy of urban services means. In conclusion, speaking of the influence of culture through the process of renovation, we refer, in particular, not only to the implications of the level of education of the population renewal, but also to the influence of factors such as media consumption, advertising, etc., which outline the system of esthetic preferences of

The house not only fills the requirements, but it is also a pleasure. From the child's stacking of bricks to learning how to master the heavens and space to self-expression, construction is something that concerns us all deeply. The architecture is everywhere; no one avoids it. Even the nonself-employed person still has to live and, as a matter of option, choose a home with care and empathy characterized by his own experiences from previous homes. The same applies to users and clients of other types of buildings. It is easy to lose the perspective in the construction industry's everyday life, both on the lust and on the needs, in search of timetables and cost reductions and the necessity of routines. The breach of the methods and the need to think long-term are nevertheless integrated into the requirement for environmental adjustment. We must keep alive the desire to build. But it can be the essential prerequisite for a rapid breakthrough for new thinking. The requirement for conversion to an environmentally sound construction can adequately utilize, be a challenge to think about what we are about and return to the architecture's starting points: building and living. The building is indeed a short stage in the life of the house or somewhat several recurring short stages. But there is the prerequisite for long and hopeful life. The house, as we treat it in this chapter, is stupid and flowing of energy, air, and water. These are permanent structures, a kind of constants when correctly designed provide space for the different variables of the dwelling. Flexibility and generality are the most durable qualities of the house. If they exist, there are also the conditions for all the attributes and memories that a long life can give. Through proven and straightforward types of houses, many varia-

individuals.

8 Housing

tions can be made.

**3.1. House edifice and functions**


Other features are family or individual grades (information, social conditions, etc.)

The house functions can be divided into two major zones:


The human settlement takes the form of their neighborhoods. The neighborhood is a fundamental element of urban life, because it grows by addition, and not by house application in practice, and wherever the human communities reflect that system correctly. To understand how comprehensive these communities are, it is necessary to understand their relationship with the territory, the critical role of people in a common space, and the ties that are established with it. Residence from the city reacts within a specific framework. However, they are made by their lifestyle choices and the resources that they have. In this context, they have the possibility to choose, which kind of housing community that they belong to, or whether it is appropriate to them, is that organized in the form of the urban or rural zone, is that confirmed in the way of individual or collective arrangement, and is that located in the center or on the outskirts of the locality. The transformations on the human settlement in the recent decades caused by the industrialization and urbanization phenomena have affected the dwelling and the structure of the residential human communities in the sense that they have experienced consolidation processes determined by everyday life in urban housing assemblies, processes of population dislocation following urban deconstruction policies, or phenomena such as gentrification. Gentrification means turning an aging metropolitan area into a more financially populated, socially populated neighborhood by renovating buildings, the consequences being, on the one hand, to increase the value of those properties (land and buildings in the area) and the relocation of poor old residents.

dwellings make part of the explanation where allergies increase. The effect of a bad selection in building materials can be a source of cancer, which is related directly or indirectly to building materials, which represent an area where the knowledge is insufficient. Several substances included in building materials are classified as carcinogenic, p. a. formaldehyde. The World Health Organization (WHO), a list of more than 10 carcinogens are found, mainly in paints, varnishes, and floor materials [The ELIB survey estimates that between 250,000 and 500,000

of lung cancer, especially in combination with cigarette smoking [12]. Research also shows a connection, albeit weakly, between different diseases and exposure of electromagnetic fields. The study is currently underway to clarify the relationship between the indoor environment and allergy and other hypersensitivities. The results of the surveys, thus, far made are:

• Troubles are more common in the younger house; the most difficulty is experienced in

• Complaints on "dry air" and discomfort with nasal membranes are more common in residential buildings with a mechanical ventilation system than in houses with self-suction

• There is a clear connection between the lack of ventilation, high humidity, the occurrence

There are a lot of factors that must take in evidence for creating a healthy housing area. Moisture due to rain, snow, soil moisture, building moisture, condensation, pipelines, and humidity from humans and businesses affects the health. Technical solutions and quality assurance can significantly reduce it. Building and soil moisture can probably be avoided with the right measures. Moisture safety is influenced by choice of roof rails, placement of dumb pipes, a solution of details around bay windows, etc. The 60's and 70's flat roofs are responsible for a large part of the mold problems in schools and day care centers [13]. But moisture will always be found in buildings, partly because the houses are out and therefore exposed to rain and snow, somewhat because we continuously add moisture to the house. Materials and technical solutions must, therefore, be chosen that allow for natural moisture migration. Fresh air and the right temperature are essential to health. The need to ventilate a building is due to heat from solar radiation, the number of people staying in the house, the humidity and heat sources in the business, emissions from building materials, the volume of the room, the heat storage capacity, and the seasonality. Ventilation in homes is primarily intended to remove moisture from people, showers, laundry, and dishes. In schools and other houses where many people are staying in the same room, the ventilation requirement is mainly about keeping the temperature at a reasonable level. The temperature too high, above 35°, is often considered as lousy air. With rising room temperature, humidity decreases during the winter and the release of impurities from building materials increases [14]. The need for ventilation can be influenced by the orientation of the building, window shading, sun shielding, volume, mood and material selection, and the extent to which furnishings and equipment collect dust and dirt. If the house's climate control system includes these factors and the airflow varies according to activity and season, there is the need to build ventilation systems that have fewer

and are therefore at increased risk

Introductory Chapter: Housing Policy Matters http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81622 11

people live in radon-radish housing homes over 400 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>

houses built after 1975.

of domestic dust mites, and asthma.

only.

#### **3.2. Healthy housing environment**

Beautiful architecture is ultimately a prerequisite for health and well-being, which is not only about physiological needs but also about the experience and the feeling of a house. Just by theory, we are different from what is physiological experience and emotion. A healthy house must, therefore, also be a beautiful whole. A house that does not take into account human physiological needs cannot be a sturdy house just through coloring and new furniture. A home that only meets the physiological needs can never be a pleasant overall experience.

Resource demand in the form of energy conservation was the first environmental issue in the building that attracted much attention. Partly as a result of unilateral energy conservation, the "sick houses" and a new insight that health issues must be included in the program work. In recent years, the cycle has also reached the construction industry. The goal must be to have all three aspects involved and make them interact. We initiate the chapter by discussing health, resources, and circuits as the necessary conditions for healthy and environmentally adapted houses, and then proceed with the structure and infrastructure of the house: the different parts of the body and the technical systems. Thus presented, the problem may appear at first sight to be difficult, if not impossible, of the solution. What,' some may be disposed to ask, can be done to make the country more attractive and the city healthier, and make people live in a comfortable environment. Air quality, for example, is often measured with carbon dioxide content. Such single parameters have shortcomings in reflecting human experiences. The fact that they have become a commonplace as a quality criterion is linked to the need to be able to verify the results of technical solutions, that the measurements are relatively easy to perform, and that accurate numbers give confidence. An unfortunate example of this is the unilateral attention that some environmental and health protection administrations attach to the Occupational Safety and Health Agency's target value of 1000 ppm carbon dioxide in workplaces. The effect of the retroactively demanding requirement may be that millions of kronor are invested in renovations of ventilation systems in schools and other public spaces that worsen the indoor climate. A better criterion of a healthy house that does not threaten health is to investigate how many of the people stay in the house who think the indoor environment is reasonable or acceptable. In a good house, the sensation of comfort must be high, where, it should be no abnormally high frequencies of mucous membranes and skin problems associated with the building [11]. There are many adverse effects of unhealthy housing environment, for example, the classic allergens that come from many resources such as, industrial pollutions, smoking, and humid buildings are considered to be the most critical "develops" of allergic symptoms. Allergic reactions can also be triggered by chemical emissions and odors from building materials and furnishings, as well as high levels of particulate matter in the indoor air due to inadequate cleaning and soiled or poorly functioning ventilation systems. The risk of getting allergy is more significant in the contaminated states and larger in homes with high humidity than with low humidity. It is now also considered likely that the sick dwellings make part of the explanation where allergies increase. The effect of a bad selection in building materials can be a source of cancer, which is related directly or indirectly to building materials, which represent an area where the knowledge is insufficient. Several substances included in building materials are classified as carcinogenic, p. a. formaldehyde. The World Health Organization (WHO), a list of more than 10 carcinogens are found, mainly in paints, varnishes, and floor materials [The ELIB survey estimates that between 250,000 and 500,000 people live in radon-radish housing homes over 400 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and are therefore at increased risk of lung cancer, especially in combination with cigarette smoking [12]. Research also shows a connection, albeit weakly, between different diseases and exposure of electromagnetic fields. The study is currently underway to clarify the relationship between the indoor environment and allergy and other hypersensitivities. The results of the surveys, thus, far made are:

gentrification. Gentrification means turning an aging metropolitan area into a more financially populated, socially populated neighborhood by renovating buildings, the consequences being, on the one hand, to increase the value of those properties (land and buildings in the

Beautiful architecture is ultimately a prerequisite for health and well-being, which is not only about physiological needs but also about the experience and the feeling of a house. Just by theory, we are different from what is physiological experience and emotion. A healthy house must, therefore, also be a beautiful whole. A house that does not take into account human physiological needs cannot be a sturdy house just through coloring and new furniture. A home that only meets the physiological needs can never be a pleasant overall experience.

Resource demand in the form of energy conservation was the first environmental issue in the building that attracted much attention. Partly as a result of unilateral energy conservation, the "sick houses" and a new insight that health issues must be included in the program work. In recent years, the cycle has also reached the construction industry. The goal must be to have all three aspects involved and make them interact. We initiate the chapter by discussing health, resources, and circuits as the necessary conditions for healthy and environmentally adapted houses, and then proceed with the structure and infrastructure of the house: the different parts of the body and the technical systems. Thus presented, the problem may appear at first sight to be difficult, if not impossible, of the solution. What,' some may be disposed to ask, can be done to make the country more attractive and the city healthier, and make people live in a comfortable environment. Air quality, for example, is often measured with carbon dioxide content. Such single parameters have shortcomings in reflecting human experiences. The fact that they have become a commonplace as a quality criterion is linked to the need to be able to verify the results of technical solutions, that the measurements are relatively easy to perform, and that accurate numbers give confidence. An unfortunate example of this is the unilateral attention that some environmental and health protection administrations attach to the Occupational Safety and Health Agency's target value of 1000 ppm carbon dioxide in workplaces. The effect of the retroactively demanding requirement may be that millions of kronor are invested in renovations of ventilation systems in schools and other public spaces that worsen the indoor climate. A better criterion of a healthy house that does not threaten health is to investigate how many of the people stay in the house who think the indoor environment is reasonable or acceptable. In a good house, the sensation of comfort must be high, where, it should be no abnormally high frequencies of mucous membranes and skin problems associated with the building [11]. There are many adverse effects of unhealthy housing environment, for example, the classic allergens that come from many resources such as, industrial pollutions, smoking, and humid buildings are considered to be the most critical "develops" of allergic symptoms. Allergic reactions can also be triggered by chemical emissions and odors from building materials and furnishings, as well as high levels of particulate matter in the indoor air due to inadequate cleaning and soiled or poorly functioning ventilation systems. The risk of getting allergy is more significant in the contaminated states and larger in homes with high humidity than with low humidity. It is now also considered likely that the sick

area) and the relocation of poor old residents.

**3.2. Healthy housing environment**

10 Housing


There are a lot of factors that must take in evidence for creating a healthy housing area. Moisture due to rain, snow, soil moisture, building moisture, condensation, pipelines, and humidity from humans and businesses affects the health. Technical solutions and quality assurance can significantly reduce it. Building and soil moisture can probably be avoided with the right measures. Moisture safety is influenced by choice of roof rails, placement of dumb pipes, a solution of details around bay windows, etc. The 60's and 70's flat roofs are responsible for a large part of the mold problems in schools and day care centers [13]. But moisture will always be found in buildings, partly because the houses are out and therefore exposed to rain and snow, somewhat because we continuously add moisture to the house. Materials and technical solutions must, therefore, be chosen that allow for natural moisture migration. Fresh air and the right temperature are essential to health. The need to ventilate a building is due to heat from solar radiation, the number of people staying in the house, the humidity and heat sources in the business, emissions from building materials, the volume of the room, the heat storage capacity, and the seasonality. Ventilation in homes is primarily intended to remove moisture from people, showers, laundry, and dishes. In schools and other houses where many people are staying in the same room, the ventilation requirement is mainly about keeping the temperature at a reasonable level. The temperature too high, above 35°, is often considered as lousy air. With rising room temperature, humidity decreases during the winter and the release of impurities from building materials increases [14]. The need for ventilation can be influenced by the orientation of the building, window shading, sun shielding, volume, mood and material selection, and the extent to which furnishings and equipment collect dust and dirt. If the house's climate control system includes these factors and the airflow varies according to activity and season, there is the need to build ventilation systems that have fewer critical components than today's "advanced" mechanical systems that have often been found to cause more problems than they solve. Also, we can accept greater temperature fluctuations between day and night or summer and winter; the systems can be further simplified. Through balconies, terraces, and beautiful outdoor places and gardens for work and relaxation, and by designing the transition zone from the outside to make it easy to get out, the architect can make it more attractive to stay out for more hours a day. It also facilitates the weathering of clothes, textiles, and furniture. Healthy housing is created by direct natural lighting where sunlight means a lot for health and for well-being. Studies show the adverse health effects of windowless rooms. The architectural task is to achieve good daylight without the temperature rushing in, thus creating a need for cooling, reducing the requiring sizeable mechanical ventilation plants where they would not be needed.

Partly, as a result of unilateral energy conservation, the "sick houses" and a new insight into

Introductory Chapter: Housing Policy Matters http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81622 13

The starting point for any housing or urban renewal plan is of course that the city is not automatically maintained and updated in consistent with new social needs. Therefore, the first comprehensive identification of the content of the urban renewal concept could be that it should include all activities aimed at such maintenance and updating—modernization of the city. The modernization of big cities has primarily been achieved by adding new parts that have divided the existing obsolete parts into a different role so that either consciousness was not of the utmost importance that they were outdated or the new position and role enabled economic transformation and updating. The idea was not particularly interested in the existing city but instead created a modern city outside, which in a brief time moved the city center's functions, i.e., where the demand for the model was most excellent, to the new urban area [18]. The loopholes that have the existing city were thereby reduced to a partial problem, an isolated barrel tide problem, which was not an obstacle to the city's participation in a general industrial sustained social development. It is essential to have an urban renewal through growth because it focuses on the particular issue today and must take place without application of the dynamic and the disassembly factors, where, the rise has historically created. If the city subject is restricted and the definition of urban renewal is conservative so the focus will be on activities aimed at transforming maintain, update, modernize—the already existing parts of the city, then become one of the first significant examples of urban renewal

the health issues must be included in the program work.

Paris's modernization under Napoleon HI and Haussmann.

**5. The interactions among residences, housing, and settlement**

The intention of this process can be done through outgoing work to listen to the residence groups from the settlement and how the area can be representing, where a citizen initiating process should take place. They have to feel invited to have an opinion on this and partly so that they can see that they have a real influence on how an urban development debate develops. The experience of this process is gathered in a recommendation for how a future process toward a citizen-inducing urban development process can look out for settlement and surrounding areas. Also, the process will come out in some directions of some specific projects that will be supported and which individuals are willing to proceed with the plans. In recent years, public debate about urban housing development and citizen participation seems to have aroused increasing doubts as to whether the past efforts will be sufficiently responsive to the challenges increasingly faced by major cities. The criticism is often that the existing efforts are reactive in the sense that it typically focuses on solving acute problems, whereby the area's resources are often ignored, and the long-term development perspective disappears. It is clear that the traditional requirements/problem-based approach to urban development usually has some unintended adverse side effects, whereby the efforts often

**4.2. Renovation concept on old metropolitan areas**

Building materials and installations must also be chosen for health reasons. Although there is no scientifically related relationship between ill health and the delivery of volatile organic matter from building materials in the low doses that occur outside the industrial environment, there is every reason to choose documents that issue a minimum of emissions [15]. Several case studies show that self-emission of building materials caused health problems such as eye irritation from paints or building boards. A significant problem is the pollution caused by chemical reactions when exposed to moisture or high alkalinity. In the Chemicals Inspectorate's list of pollutants, all substances are classified according to allergy-producing substances, substance causing mucous membrane inflammation, etc. This list can be compared with the product information that the material suppliers are required to provide for hazardous health substances included in the product. Through architectural solutions, the need for emitting materials such as glue, filler, and joint pulp can be significantly reduced, sometimes eliminated. Low-frequency noise and vibration caused by ventilation systems can be overcome partly by choosing a quiet ventilation system, such as self-sufficiency, partly by a well-chosen assembly of the unit, careful damping, soundproofing of the fan room, making ducts, fans and pads prefabricated, and adequate noise suppressor installed [16].
