Preface

**Section 3 Housing Quality and Affordability 93**

Ibiwunmi Saliu

**VI** Contents

**Development 147** Abubakar Danladi Isah

**Health Conditions in Nigeria 95**

Chapter 7 **Housing for Younger and Older Populations 115** Boštjan Kerbler and Barbara Kolar

Chapter 6 **Housing Quality and Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory**

Chapter 8 **Understanding Adaptive Mainstream Users' Values in Housing Transformation towards Sustainable Housing**

Adekunle Fakunle, Johnson Ogundare, Linda Olayinka-Alli, Mayowa Aridegbe, Temilade Bello, Opeyemi Elujulo, Olamide Omigbile and

> The city does not mean buildings, roads, parks, fences, abandoned corners, water pipes, and cable networks, but especially interactions between citizens, contacts, social relationships, and direct and indirect communication. Consequently, all these criteria are actions that cre‐ ate the complexity of urban social life and give life to cities. The city is a complex system of social organization that involves social institutions and a typical configuration of social rela‐ tionships. This makes the city's users, the social connections they develop in cities, the prob‐ lems they face, and the urban space in general the subject of research of modern urban studies. The social life of any city is closely related to urban space configuration. The rela‐ tionship between social life and urban space is the main subject of the study of housing dis‐ ciplines. On housing theory, people interact and carry on social relations, enjoy , have or take possession of certain housing spaces, and develop feelings of affection for some or have memories of others. Housing phenomenon is a term characterized by polysemy, flexibility, and ambiguity; therefore, it is difficult to outline a vibrant definition of housing space, where it can be used and accepted in all sociohuman sciences. However, it is necessary to provide some essential coordinates. City planning in general and housing in particular have become a significant governmental function and are broadening into regional and national planning. The most straightforward sketch of housing in city life is represented by a form of bio-organism that includes a large cluster of people who do not know each other but who use resources together. The informal term regarding housing is useful in capturing natural populations other than those living in slum settlements or shanty towns. It can be defined more narrowly by UN-Habitat as "contiguous settlement" where the inhabitants are charac‐ terized as having inadequate housing and essential services, which are often not recognized or addressed by the public authorities as an integral or equal part of the city. Common cate‐ gories or terms for informal housing include slums, slum settlements, shanty towns, squats, homelessness, and pavement dwellers. This book attempts to create an objective reading of the meaning and action of housing as a phenomenon and process of modern urban life. Our homes are the most intimate of spaces; the backdrops of our lives. The need and desire to create a shelter for family and self is as ancient as human civilization itself. For most of hu‐ man history, we have created our homes with our hands out of the materials available to us where we live. We've altered our homes as our families have changed. We've designed them for ourselves and our lives. We've formed communities around them. Since the industrial revolution, our homes have become increasingly alienated from us, and we have estranged ourselves from them. Social order is among the most challenging act to explain, but the sim‐ ple reading of the term is a form that is associated with the concepts of social life, how it is formed, how it is preserved, how it is challenged, and how it is broken—all these are ques‐ tions about which thousands of investigations and studies have been written. But it is clear to understand that besides a person's requirement for food, social order for housing is an‐

other critical requirement that calls for deep attention in the designing process. In this do‐ main, the house is an ancient architectural program, which was discovered by human beings, with a vital function of protecting against the adverse effects of the surroundings. Therefore, we can see many symbols of houses throughout the world that appear as an icon of human creativity.

Finally, we would like to thank all the authors who contributed to the quality, range, diver‐ sity, and richness of this publication with their chapters. At the same time, special thanks go to the kind Mr. Julian Virag, InTech's Publishing Process Manager, for his assistance and efficiency in the management process of this book and his cooperation at various phases of

> **Amjad Almusaed** Basra University, Iraq Archcrea Institute, Denmark

Preface IX

**Asaad Almssad**

Karlstad University, Sweden

book publication.

This book is intended as both an introduction to the discipline of housing for students of architecture and city planning, and a source of continuing interest for those experienced in urban planning and design. The book offers a variety of materials for housing and other arrangement professionals. Theoretical foundations, theories, methods, and case studies are essential parts of this book. The heart of the book is the case studies (Chapters 2–5) that present the state of housing in a different form. The book is divided into three parts and eight chapters:

Part I, "Introduction to Housing Affairs," discusses on housing policy matters architecture in an introductory chapter.

Part II, "Case Studies Upon Housing Policies," includes three chapters. This part represents a functional description of the book where the second chapter, "Housing Policy in the Slovak Republic," discusses the historical context of housing and housing policy in Slovakia, mas‐ sive privatization of flats, and the housing stock in Slovakia at the beginning of the 1990s. The third chapter is titled "Children's Playgrounds in Slovak Mass Housing Estates—History and Current Trends." Here the authors try to present the unique concepts of children's play‐ grounds that have been applied in the Slovak mass housing estates of the second half of the 20th century, designed by architects and artists, and inspired by the best European experien‐ ces. The fourth chapter is titled "Evaluation Transparency in Housing Schemes Using the GIS-Based Framework: A Case Study of Lahore, Pakistan." This chapter aims to highlight the transparency in planning schemes along with general public awareness. To carry out this research, secondary data were collected for the advance system, its quality evaluated and stored by using Geographical Information System software, and assembled housing scheme information . The fifth chapter is titled "Urbanization and Meeting the Need for Affordable Housing in Nigeria." In this chapter, the author proves that many urban centers in the coun‐ try have been experiencing rapid and continuous growth over the years as people tend to migrate from the rural areas to the urban centers to better their living conditions.

Part III, "Housing Quality and Affordability," includes three chapters. Chapter 6 is titled "Housing Quality and Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory Health Conditions in Ni‐ geria" and presents an overview of the condition and quality of housing in Nigeria and its implication on respiratory health. Addressing housing issues offers public health practition‐ ers an opportunity to assess an important social determinant of health. Chapter 7 is entitled "Housing for Younger and Older Population." This chapter presents housing conditions of two age groups, i.e., the younger population, focusing on individuals aged from 18 to 35 years who still live with their parents, and older populations, represented by individuals aged 60 and above not living in institutional forms of accommodation (yet). In Chapter 8, which is titled "Understanding Adaptive Mainstream Users' Values in Housing Transfor‐ mation Towards Sustainable Housing Development," the author tries to demonstrate the rising trend of the influence of western housing built forms and patterns in traditional cities with culturally inclined historical values. However, there is a corresponding resistivity in morphological outcomes as users transform their houses to reflect lifelong values.

Finally, we would like to thank all the authors who contributed to the quality, range, diver‐ sity, and richness of this publication with their chapters. At the same time, special thanks go to the kind Mr. Julian Virag, InTech's Publishing Process Manager, for his assistance and efficiency in the management process of this book and his cooperation at various phases of book publication.

other critical requirement that calls for deep attention in the designing process. In this do‐ main, the house is an ancient architectural program, which was discovered by human beings, with a vital function of protecting against the adverse effects of the surroundings. Therefore, we can see many symbols of houses throughout the world that appear as an icon

This book is intended as both an introduction to the discipline of housing for students of architecture and city planning, and a source of continuing interest for those experienced in urban planning and design. The book offers a variety of materials for housing and other arrangement professionals. Theoretical foundations, theories, methods, and case studies are essential parts of this book. The heart of the book is the case studies (Chapters 2–5) that present the state of housing in a different form. The book is divided into three parts and

Part I, "Introduction to Housing Affairs," discusses on housing policy matters architecture

Part II, "Case Studies Upon Housing Policies," includes three chapters. This part represents a functional description of the book where the second chapter, "Housing Policy in the Slovak Republic," discusses the historical context of housing and housing policy in Slovakia, mas‐ sive privatization of flats, and the housing stock in Slovakia at the beginning of the 1990s. The third chapter is titled "Children's Playgrounds in Slovak Mass Housing Estates—History and Current Trends." Here the authors try to present the unique concepts of children's play‐ grounds that have been applied in the Slovak mass housing estates of the second half of the 20th century, designed by architects and artists, and inspired by the best European experien‐ ces. The fourth chapter is titled "Evaluation Transparency in Housing Schemes Using the GIS-Based Framework: A Case Study of Lahore, Pakistan." This chapter aims to highlight the transparency in planning schemes along with general public awareness. To carry out this research, secondary data were collected for the advance system, its quality evaluated and stored by using Geographical Information System software, and assembled housing scheme information . The fifth chapter is titled "Urbanization and Meeting the Need for Affordable Housing in Nigeria." In this chapter, the author proves that many urban centers in the coun‐ try have been experiencing rapid and continuous growth over the years as people tend to

migrate from the rural areas to the urban centers to better their living conditions.

morphological outcomes as users transform their houses to reflect lifelong values.

Part III, "Housing Quality and Affordability," includes three chapters. Chapter 6 is titled "Housing Quality and Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory Health Conditions in Ni‐ geria" and presents an overview of the condition and quality of housing in Nigeria and its implication on respiratory health. Addressing housing issues offers public health practition‐ ers an opportunity to assess an important social determinant of health. Chapter 7 is entitled "Housing for Younger and Older Population." This chapter presents housing conditions of two age groups, i.e., the younger population, focusing on individuals aged from 18 to 35 years who still live with their parents, and older populations, represented by individuals aged 60 and above not living in institutional forms of accommodation (yet). In Chapter 8, which is titled "Understanding Adaptive Mainstream Users' Values in Housing Transfor‐ mation Towards Sustainable Housing Development," the author tries to demonstrate the rising trend of the influence of western housing built forms and patterns in traditional cities with culturally inclined historical values. However, there is a corresponding resistivity in

of human creativity.

VIII Preface

eight chapters:

in an introductory chapter.

**Amjad Almusaed** Basra University, Iraq Archcrea Institute, Denmark

**Asaad Almssad** Karlstad University, Sweden

**Section 1**

**Introduction to Housing Affairs**

**Introduction to Housing Affairs**

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Introductory Chapter: Housing Policy Matters**

**Introductory Chapter: Housing Policy Matters**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81622

The family represents the first core of social life, which can be reflected by the architectural program throughout a house. The house was developed in time and place and was therefore socially and economically developed with the housing program. Current technology helps the housing program to get a different level of significant ways of manufacturing and designing structures. The house has followed a man through history. It is one of the man's oldest and most long-lived cultural objects. They have been protected against the environment, and there are rooms for business and social life, capital investment, and symbolism. Home and house are concepts that are closely linked, where shape, function, and technology are so intertwined and meaningful that they do not quickly change themselves. Each discussion of health and the environment must be seen in this broader context, not as isolated technical or medical issues. This complexity is not only a difficulty but also an asset. Housing is the umbrella term for different types of accommodation in which one has temporary or permanent shelter to live, sleep, work, or relax. All kinds of homes, company buildings, schools, museums, and offices are covered below [1]. Also, it concerns the provision of such forms of accommodation by, for example, municipal and national authorities. The concept of the housing provides a host of basic human needs, particularly shelter, personal property, safety, and privacy. Permanent housing ("residence") is also a prerequisite for full engagement of a person in society, so the state differently supports it. The housing industry deals with construction and architecture, urbanism, and housing sociology. In other arguments, the housing includes the entirety of institutions, activities, and arrangements for providing the population with housing. These include the housing stocks, the housing industry, state and municipal housing policies and households as consumers or consumers itself. It is one of the basic requirements of human communities, where every society has to create their arrangements to provide space

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81622

and facilities for the lives of its members [2].

**1. Introduction**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Amjad Almusaed and Asaad AlmssadAdditional information is available at the end of the chapter

#### **Introductory Chapter: Housing Policy Matters Introductory Chapter: Housing Policy Matters**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81622
