**Section 3 Housing Quality and Affordability 93**

Chapter 6 **Housing Quality and Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory Health Conditions in Nigeria 95** Adekunle Fakunle, Johnson Ogundare, Linda Olayinka-Alli, Mayowa Aridegbe, Temilade Bello, Opeyemi Elujulo, Olamide Omigbile and Ibiwunmi Saliu

Preface

The city does not mean buildings, roads, parks, fences, abandoned corners, water pipes, and cable networks, but especially interactions between citizens, contacts, social relationships, and direct and indirect communication. Consequently, all these criteria are actions that cre‐ ate the complexity of urban social life and give life to cities. The city is a complex system of social organization that involves social institutions and a typical configuration of social rela‐ tionships. This makes the city's users, the social connections they develop in cities, the prob‐ lems they face, and the urban space in general the subject of research of modern urban studies. The social life of any city is closely related to urban space configuration. The rela‐ tionship between social life and urban space is the main subject of the study of housing dis‐ ciplines. On housing theory, people interact and carry on social relations, enjoy , have or take possession of certain housing spaces, and develop feelings of affection for some or have memories of others. Housing phenomenon is a term characterized by polysemy, flexibility, and ambiguity; therefore, it is difficult to outline a vibrant definition of housing space, where it can be used and accepted in all sociohuman sciences. However, it is necessary to provide some essential coordinates. City planning in general and housing in particular have become a significant governmental function and are broadening into regional and national planning. The most straightforward sketch of housing in city life is represented by a form of bio-organism that includes a large cluster of people who do not know each other but who use resources together. The informal term regarding housing is useful in capturing natural populations other than those living in slum settlements or shanty towns. It can be defined more narrowly by UN-Habitat as "contiguous settlement" where the inhabitants are charac‐ terized as having inadequate housing and essential services, which are often not recognized or addressed by the public authorities as an integral or equal part of the city. Common cate‐ gories or terms for informal housing include slums, slum settlements, shanty towns, squats, homelessness, and pavement dwellers. This book attempts to create an objective reading of the meaning and action of housing as a phenomenon and process of modern urban life. Our homes are the most intimate of spaces; the backdrops of our lives. The need and desire to create a shelter for family and self is as ancient as human civilization itself. For most of hu‐ man history, we have created our homes with our hands out of the materials available to us where we live. We've altered our homes as our families have changed. We've designed them for ourselves and our lives. We've formed communities around them. Since the industrial revolution, our homes have become increasingly alienated from us, and we have estranged ourselves from them. Social order is among the most challenging act to explain, but the sim‐ ple reading of the term is a form that is associated with the concepts of social life, how it is formed, how it is preserved, how it is challenged, and how it is broken—all these are ques‐ tions about which thousands of investigations and studies have been written. But it is clear to understand that besides a person's requirement for food, social order for housing is an‐

Chapter 7 **Housing for Younger and Older Populations 115** Boštjan Kerbler and Barbara Kolar

#### Chapter 8 **Understanding Adaptive Mainstream Users' Values in Housing Transformation towards Sustainable Housing Development 147** Abubakar Danladi Isah
