**4. Concluding remarks**

Co-PPGIS, a web-based geospatially enabled conferencing system, assists a real-time participation to facilitate and improve public participation for collaborative decision-making which will bring fundamentally more understandability in any system. This web system provides real-time amalgamation of data from different sources through web map services, such as APIs, and supports the amalgamation of local knowledge expressed by meeting participants. In order to aid the Co-PPGIS synchronous participation procedure, which is originally developed and designed to resolve the issues associated with the municipality planning and management, GeoMeeting prototype is implemented as a proof of concept. GeoMeeting prototype framework facilitates any sort of e-governance, management, and emergency scenarios (e.g., municipal planning, forest management, urban sprawl, state lands, crime mapping, disaster response, etc.) related to collaborative decision-making and provides an effective, valid, and see-through system in which all the discussion and recommendations between authorities and participants are conserved in the database and can be viewed anytime to know the irresponsibility of even a common person to some authority handling the entire situation. The GeoMeeting is an evolution of map sharing component build previously based on collaborative PPGIS framework, which accommodates effective and better decision-making through its innovative map sharing component technology.

The infrastructure of GeoMeeting was established on several component-based services such as login management, floor control, map sharing, Android, feature-based chat, feature popup service, geometry and multimedia sharing feature services, bookmark, and live video services. Registered users can have direct access to GeoMeeting through login authentication. The component also includes chat facility, drawing specific location (point, line, and polygon/area), base layer switcher for better understanding of map, and search field for any area of interest, synchronously. These component-based services make it effective and efficient platform for information/data sharing. Previously, teleconferencing was the only medium used during emergency management planning, but the drawback for teleconferencing was the absence of any geo-collaborative console, i.e., map sharing. GeoMeeting provides realtime geo-collaboration, which improves accuracy and efficiency as well as saves cost and time of the emergency management organization. Consequently, this Co-PPGIS framework-based GeoMeeting provides an interactive interface to have geo-enabled collaborative participatory discussion platform among decision-making authorities and common people.
