**Author details**

*Polypropylene - Polymerization and Characterization of Mechanical and Thermal Properties*

also at lower temperatures.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

13, 2018).

In the case of composite fibers, the improvement in mechanical properties of monofilament is mainly dependent on the fiber drawing, whereas only a marginal contribute of kaolinite content has been observed. For instance, the processing-drawing with draw ratio of 10 produced monofilaments of iPP and kaolinite composite with modulus and strength in the range of 5.5–6.5 GPa and of 770–870 MPa, respectively. From the texture analyzed by X-ray, we can notice that the fiber alignment is only affected by the creep at high temperature. Stretching the fibers at room texture has a negligible effect on the texture. The situation may be different for the WNW, where the fibers have a higher mobility and the stress can change their orientation,

In addition, from this work we can conclude that the mechanical properties are highly correlated to the texture and reverse. The fibers after thermal creep, which are showing the higher residual deformation, show also a higher increase in the texture.

Authors wish to thank Aquafil SpA (Arco, TN, Italy) and Texbond Spa (Rovereto, TN, Italy) for providing BCF filaments and woven non-woven fabrics, respectively. Moreover, the authors acknowledge N. Soave for injection molding and

This work is dedicated to the memory of Prof. József Karger-Kocsis (†December

MAUD material analysis using diffraction, software for X-ray analysis

I. Dabrowska, D. Lorenzi, and K.T. Chaka for fiber spinning.

This research received no external funding.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**Dedication/other declarations**

**Appendices and nomenclature**

CD cross direction

FS fiber spinning IM injection molding

MD machine direction

XRD X-ray diffraction

WNW woven non-woven fabric

DR draw ratio

BCF bulk continuous filament

DM(T)A dynamic mechanical (thermal) analysis

DSC differential scanning calorimetry

TEM transmission electron microscopy Tg glass transition temperature

ODF orientation distribution function

**106**

Luca Fambri\* and Luca Lutterotti Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Italy

\*Address all correspondence to: luca.fambri@unitn.it

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
