**2. Historical background**

'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics' was a lecture given by physicist Richard Feynman at the annual American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959. Feynman considered the possibility of direct manipulation of individual atoms as a more powerful form of synthetic chemistry. Feynman also suggested that it should be possible, in principle, to make nanoscale machines that 'arrange the atoms the way we want' and do chemical synthesis by mechanical manipulation. These sentences can be seen as the birth of the 'nanoworld' [1].

*Norio Taniguchi* has introduced the term of nanotechnology in order to describe some physical processes running on the scale of nanometres. These phenomena are related to processing of separation, deformation and consolidation on the basis of some atoms and molecules [2]. Some important milestones in nanotechnology are the following:

