Meet the editors

Dr. Matthew G. Cable is an assistant professor in the Louisiana State University Health Science Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology. Dr. Cable completed medical training at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, orthopedic surgery residency at the Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University, and a two-year Sarcoma Advanced Clinical and Research fellowship at the Huntsman

Cancer Institute and Primary Children's Hospital at the University of Utah. He is a member of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society and the Connective Tissue Oncology Society. He is an orthopedic oncologist specializing in the surgical treatment of adult and pediatric tumors, including osteosarcoma, and has numerous publications and book chapters pertaining to musculoskeletal oncology.

Robert Lawrence Randall, MD, FACS, is the chair of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of California, Davis in Sacramento. Dr. Randall's clinical practice and research focus on musculoskeletal surgical oncology and on building leading-edge transdisciplinary teams to combat rare cancers of connective tissue in children and adults. His translational research efforts have been recognized internationally, including

his work as chief of the Sarcoma Array Research Consortium (SARC) lab, a laboratory investigating the molecular genetic mechanisms that give rise to sarcomas; his development of a genetically engineered mouse model at the University of Utah (in cooperation with Nobel Prize cowinner Mario Capecchi); and his technical advancements in limb salvage surgery.

Dr. Randall is a professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and holds the David Linn Chair in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

Osteosarcoma

Clinical Implications

Osteosarcoma

*by Christos Valavanis and Gabriela Stanc*

Treatment of Children with Osteosarcoma *by Maxim Yu. Rykov and Elmira R. Sengapova*

**Section 3**

Clinical Approach for Osteosarcoma *by Scott Barnett and Matthew G. Cable*

**Preface III**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Osteosarcoma Diagnosis and Characterization **9**

**Chapter 2 11**

Basic Science and Translational Treatments **37**

**Chapter 3 39**

**Chapter 4 81**

**Chapter 5 97**

Introductory Chapter: Integrating Basic Science with a Multidisciplinary

Differential Diagnosis of Osteogenic Tumors in the Context of

*by Mulazim Hussain Bukhari, Samina Qamar and Farwa Batool*

Long Noncoding RNAs in Osteosarcoma: Mechanisms and Potential

A Novel Strategy of Dual Inhibition of Distinct Metabolic Features in

*by Shingo Kishi, Kanya Honoki, Yasuhito Tanaka and Hiroki Kuniyasu*

## Contents


Preface

The predecessor to this edition was titled *Osteosarcoma: Biology, Behavior, and Mechanisms*, and was the brainchild of my good friend Dr. Kurt Weiss and colleague Dr. Kanya Honoki. They sought to draw attention and enthusiasm to the recent advances in basic and clinical science research pertaining to osteosarcoma. There had been a relative stagnation in clinical advances over past decades in this rare cancer in comparison to other oncologic diseases. We began to understand the molecular biology and genetics of osteosarcoma but were unable to translate this into longer survival or improved prognosis. However, this was on the precipice of change with recent technological developments in big data genomics, improved understanding of molecular pathways, and discovery of new methods of epigenetic

This edition is titled *Osteosarcoma—Diagnosis, Mechanisms, and Translational Developments*, and focuses on recent advancements and novel ideas in osteosarcoma research. In a manner of speaking, we have taken the multidisciplinary mindset essential for treating osteosarcoma and broadened it to include other areas of cancer research. By learning from gains in other areas of oncology, such as new lncRNAs, the understanding of cancer metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, and new chemotherapy agents, we can apply them to the niche of osteosarcoma for treatment development. By drawing more attention to these novel and clever discoveries, we hope to continue this enthusiasm for advancements in basic and

**Matthew Gregory Cable, MD**

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology,

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,

Assistant Professor,

New Orleans, USA

USA

**Robert Lawrence Randall** University of California,

translational research in the field of osteosarcoma.

tumor regulation.
