**Conflict of interest**

Marcy C. Purnell is the holder of "Biochloride Generation and Methods" International Application Number PCT/US18/14238.

**159**

**Author details**

provided the original work is properly cited.

Marcy C. Purnell\* and Risa D. Ramsey

\*Address all correspondence to: mpurnell@memphis.edu

*The Influence of the Golden Ratio on the Erythrocyte DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83682*

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

The Loewenberg College of Nursing, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA

*The Influence of the Golden Ratio on the Erythrocyte DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83682*

*Erythrocyte*

the negatively charged HCO3

opposed to the H+

**3. Conclusion**

**Conflict of interest**

and HCO3

red blood cell plasma membrane as the HCO3

velocity of the flow of these charged ions causes the HCO3

area of future research for medicine and science [42].

hydrodynamic (dielectric influence of water) influences. The water and the chlo-

flows to the erythrocyte membrane surface to be used for hemoglobin function as

The chloride anion may again function as the separator of charge/flow at the

away from the cell membrane in order to be eluted from the cell into the plasma as

[41]. The erythrocyte ideally recycles 70–75% of the serum CO2 in the body (to H+

The Golden Ratio proportions (possibly driven by the zeta potential) of the erythrocyte appear to offer clues to this cell's unique shape and function. Since biological shape and geometric changes can be linked to degenerative changes, it is important that we take notice of why and how these geometric shapes are important [43–55]. When there is a disruption in the zeta potential (toroidal surface) on the erythrocyte, this may lead to a loss of the Golden Ratio proportions (DEP EMFFF), geometric shape distortions, and decreased efficiency of CO2 recycling as well as O2

Miniaturized lensless sensor imaging for microscopic visualization at pointof-care delivery is currently a research focus across the globe [57–59]. Due to the quantum microenvironmental factors that are critical to this possibly field-driven cell, it is important to examine these proportions with as little disruption to these factors as possible in order to quantify the Newtonian fluidics as well as calculations such as the Reynolds number. Future lensless imaging and examination of a newly drawn drop of blood may be the most valuable and accurate tool to evaluate the

Marcy C. Purnell is the holder of "Biochloride Generation and Methods"

delivery with this most abundant and unique cell in our bodies [56].

Golden Ratio along with the red blood cell's efficiency [47, 54, 57].

International Application Number PCT/US18/14238.

<sup>−</sup>) and generally only 20–25% of the serum CO2 needs to remain available in the plasma for use by the lungs for regulation of acid/base homeostasis. The maintenance of the zeta potential and the Golden Ratio proportions may be a new

the chloride enters the cell to continue to its function within the cell. Parabolic

<sup>−</sup> (nDEP) exits the cell into the plasma through the

(pDEP) that remains in the membrane for hemoglobin function

<sup>−</sup> (nDEP) is eluted from the cell and

<sup>−</sup> (nDEP) to move further

(pDEP) which

ride anion may induce a DEP separation of the positively charged H+

anion channel Band 3/AE1 for acid-base control in the body (**Figure 4**).

**158**
