**4.5 Patient-reported outcomes**

An important consideration in visual restoration is the extent to which the recipients judge the system to be beneficial in everyday life. The Functional Lowvision Observer Rated Assessment (FLORA) was developed by Geruschat et al. in order to evaluate the impact of partial restoration of ultra-low vision in subjects undergoing Argus II implantation. Initial results using the FLORA tool demonstrated that it was able to provide useful information about the everyday functional benefit of prosthesis-derived visual restoration, as well as identifying areas in which rehabilitation could be utilized to maximize subjective value. At 1 year, the assessment demonstrated an 80% reported positive effect, which dropped to 65% at 3 years. No patients reported a negative effect using this self-reporting tool [84, 85].

#### **Figure 7.**

*Subject performing prehension task (a) with live infrared motion capture of subject's hand (b). Credit: Luo et al. [82].*
