Contents


Preface

In February 2018, my first book titled "Biomimetic Prosthetics" was published by IntechOpen. This was an edited volume with contributions from researchers all over the world on biomimetic (mimicking complex biological sensorimotor systems of human beings and animals) prosthetics. With over 2500 downloads, multiple citations and compliments from my colleagues, this was a rewarding experience. I would like to thank the authors for their valuable contributions and staff at IntechOpen in this book project. I would also like to extend my special thanks to my students from the Sensorimotor Control Laboratory at Stevens who contributed towards the introductory chapter of this book. In June 2018, I was approached by commissioning editors at IntechOpen to see if I was interested in leading another edited volume on "Prostheses". This could cover a broader category of prostheses and appeal to a wider audience. I took some time and responded favorably for the following reason. During my previous project on Biomimetic Prosthetics, I rejected several applications on prosthetics as they were not necessarily biomimetic. During that project I realized that there was a need to provide another opportunity for these other valuable contributions. This came to me in the form of this current book "Prosthesis". It has been a great learning experience and an inspiring academic journey through these book projects.

In this book, the readers will find information on various prostheses for upper limb, lower limb, retinal, and facial prostheses. These areas of research are multidisciplinary, requiring expertise in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, biomedical engineering, material sciences, and tissue engineering. The uniqueness of the field of prostheses is in combining multiple expertise to improve technologies

The introductory chapter presents the evolution of prosthesis and their applications in different domains. This chapter prepares the readers with the context, application,

The second chapter talks about control methods for the transhumeral prosthesis considering the task environment and object properties. Specifically, this study explores how using such information coupled with around-shoulder muscle action potentials targeted reaching positions that can be accurately and rapidly identified.

While the second chapter talks about upper limb prosthesis and control, the third chapter talks about hybrid neuroprosthesis for lower limbs. This chapter summarizes the principles of human mobility and the impact of spinal cord injury on an individual's mobility. This chapter also talks about how a hybrid prosthesis combined with functional electric stimulation and orthoses can be used to reactivate

In the fourth chapter, residual lower limb health and possible prosthetics are discussed. Changes in residual limb properties may affect socket fit and may lead to serious injuries. This chapter presents socket systems available in the market and compares them with the elevated vacuum suspension system that could improve

that can help individuals with impairments.

paralyzed muscles and enable function.

and provide physiological benefits to the residual limb.

and importance of prosthesis.
