**4.1 Microscopic visual aids**

Binocular hypercorrective prismatic lenses are used if the residual visual acuity is bilateral. The combination with the prism reduces the convergence effort for the short distance and can be associated with the correction of astigmatism. A filter lens of 450 nm can be used to increase the contrast and reduce the dazzling, and the power arrives to 16 diopters (**Figure 22**).

Monocular hypercorrective aplanatic lens is used if the residual visual acuity is monolateral. It is made of a polycarbonate ring holding two lenses facing each other

**Figure 22.** *Binocular hypercorrective prismatic lenses.*

with the convex curve and the flat side external. In this way, the spherical aberrations are compensated.

The aplanatic monocular lens can have power from 2 up to 10�.

It combines an elevated magnifying power with an angle of 48°.

It is made of a polycarbonate ring holding two lenses facing each other with the convex curve and the flat side external.

In this way, the spherical aberrations are compensated (**Figures 23**–**25**).

When the patient needs to read and write or to use the PC keyboard and other electronic devices, he must use bifocal and trifocal AIDS (**Figure 26**).

An optic aid for intermediate distance is a pin-see (pince-nez) attachable to an eyeglass with a clip-on (**Figure 27**).

We can use also a telemicroscope. Adding a spherical positive lens in front of the Galilean telescope allows the patient to focus in intermediate and near distances, and this helps to work in near distance: reading, writing and other activities (**Figure 28**).

A simple aid may be also a magnifying glass neck-tight (**Figure 29**). Electronic aids, electronic magnifying device [18–20].

**4.2 Close Circuit Tele Vision**

**Figure 25.** *Ergonomic table.*

**337**

**Figure 24.**

*Monocular hypercorrective aplanatic lens.*

*Low-Vision Rehabilitation in Maculopathy DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92358*

there is a dense absolute scotoma [21].

Close Circuit Tele Vision (CCTV) is used when VA is less than 0.1 and when

**Figure 23.** *Monocular hypercorrective aplanatic lens.*

*Low-Vision Rehabilitation in Maculopathy DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92358*

**Figure 24.** *Monocular hypercorrective aplanatic lens.*

with the convex curve and the flat side external. In this way, the spherical aberra-

It is made of a polycarbonate ring holding two lenses facing each other with the

An optic aid for intermediate distance is a pin-see (pince-nez) attachable to an

We can use also a telemicroscope. Adding a spherical positive lens in front of the Galilean telescope allows the patient to focus in intermediate and near distances, and this helps to work in near distance: reading, writing and other activities

In this way, the spherical aberrations are compensated (**Figures 23**–**25**). When the patient needs to read and write or to use the PC keyboard and other

The aplanatic monocular lens can have power from 2 up to 10�. It combines an elevated magnifying power with an angle of 48°.

*Visual Impairment and Blindness - What We Know and What We Have to Know*

electronic devices, he must use bifocal and trifocal AIDS (**Figure 26**).

A simple aid may be also a magnifying glass neck-tight (**Figure 29**).

Electronic aids, electronic magnifying device [18–20].

tions are compensated.

*Binocular hypercorrective prismatic lenses.*

**Figure 22.**

(**Figure 28**).

**Figure 23.**

**336**

*Monocular hypercorrective aplanatic lens.*

convex curve and the flat side external.

eyeglass with a clip-on (**Figure 27**).

**Figure 25.** *Ergonomic table.*

#### **4.2 Close Circuit Tele Vision**

Close Circuit Tele Vision (CCTV) is used when VA is less than 0.1 and when there is a dense absolute scotoma [21].

**Figure 26.** *Bifocal system (writing and reading).*

**Figure 29.**

**Figure 30.** *CCTV.*

**Figure 31.** *Portable CCTV.*

**339**

*Magnifying glass neck-tight.*

*Low-Vision Rehabilitation in Maculopathy DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92358*

**Figure 27.** *Pin-see.*

**Figure 28.** *Telemicroscope.*

The use of CCTV restores reading ability and improves quality of life reducing depression in low-vision patients (**Figures 30**–**33**).
