**7. Conclusion**

endings of sensory fibers. These neuropeptides may induce vasodilation, increase vascular permeability, attract other immune cells, and excite surrounding nerve fibers. At the level of central nervous system, the increased input from peripheral pain receptors alters the central processing mechanisms. Perpetuation of the sympathetic response has been proposed to be related to central dysregulation of nociceptive impulses. Prolonged ischemia from sympathetic

126 Placenta

**Figure 6.** Acupuncture points for treating complex regional pain syndrome.

Acupuncture point injection (API) is one of effective therapeutic interventions on inflammation-involving pain diseases, which are caused by structural injury or functional degeneration. The origin of all pain is inflammation and the inflammatory response. API with placental extract provides therapeutic effects by anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects on injured or degenerative tissues. We describe treatment methodology of API with placental extract in pain syndromes focusing on pain relief and joint mobilization. The loci of acupuncture points adopted in API with placental extract are the joints, muscles responsible for the movement of the joints, and the paravertebral muscles regulating the innervation of the joints.

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