**Conflict of interest**

No conflict of interests declared.

*Granulomatous Diseases Mimicking Sarcoidosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92233*

*Sarcoidosis and Granulomatosis - Diagnosis and Management*

• Drugs or foreign body or water exposure

◯ Culture (bacteria, mycobacteria) ◯ PCR (mycobacteria, parasites, etc.)

• Risk exposures (sexual, parenteral drugs, etc.) Physical examination: Clinical sign-associated diseases Biopsy (depending on the affected organ and accessibility)

Mantoux or interferon gamma release assays for TB

• Chest X-ray and abdomen and pelvic ultrasound

*Diagnostic approach to granulomatous diseases.*

• Others according to clinical suspicion: CT scan, PET-CT, etc.

• Comorbidities (autoimmune disease, diabetes, immunosuppression)

• Granulomatous disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases, including infections, systemic inflammations, neoplasia, metabolic disorders, and

• Complete blood count, ESR, CRP, creatinine, calcemia, liver enzymes, LDH, glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides, TSH/T4, serum protein electrophoresis, ANA, rheumatoid factor, angiotensin-converting

• Serology for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and others according to clinical suspicion

• An adequate clinical approach, together with physical examination and basic analysis, can guide the diagnostic process. However, biopsy of the lesion is

• The histological type of granuloma is important in the etiological diagnosis, to

**164**

**5. Conclusion**

**Table 3.**

Medical history

• Travels

• Histology • Microbiology

Laboratory testing

Radiological tests

enzyme

chemicals.

**Conflict of interest**

usually fundamental.

optimize both treatment and follow-up.

No conflict of interests declared.
