**1. Introduction**

At the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, all women and men who reached adulthood—race, nationality, or religion without discrimination—have the right to establish a family. Reproductive and Sexual Rights Declaration also refers to "reproductive rights, sexual rights, and freedoms, as well as rights and freedoms that concern as much as individuals." The declaration drawn up by the International Declaration of Human Rights shows that sexual and reproductive rights are a legitimate part of basic human rights [1].

The family is of great importance in ensuring the continuation of the human race and in the training of the individuals suitable for the expectations of the society. Reproductive function is a universal function peculiar to individuals and families. Especially in traditional societies, the role of women in the family and society has been handled in connection with fertility and child care. The female reproductive organs, together with birth, give the individual a role of feminine and the girl child is prepared with this role in the future. As long as the reproductive organs are healthy, they give meaning to the life of the woman; social and psychological balance [2].

Establishing a family, being a child is a desirable condition accepted in all societies. The development of the society and the continuation of the generations depend on it [3]. Having family and children is the primary and social duty of the individual. The infertile woman, while accepting it, violates the norms of behavior by

not being a child. Just like in all world societies, in Turkish society, marriage brings together the possession of children and problems arise in marriages where the child is not. After the marriage, the childless family is unthinkable and the couple is expected to have children immediately [4].

 For infertile couples who cannot have children as they wish, the situation is very difficult; because infertility is a process that is tiring, weary, time, labor, and money for diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, infertility may cause women to consider themselves less valuable and insufficient [5].

Infertility, which causes biological, psychological, psychosocial, and culturally important problems in infertile couples, is the inability of the couples in the reproductive age to become pregnant or to continue the gestation [6–9], even though they have sexual intercourse three to four times a week for 1 year.

Having children in Islamic societies is an important goal for marriage and seems to be very important for the stability and happiness of marriage life. For this reason, infertile couples who cannot achieve this basic tendency tend to be judged by the society as unsuccessful. In this context, infertility is an important social problem that can affect relationships and even threaten marriage. In addition, the social environment makes the situation even more difficult by bringing couples into contact with community expectations [10].

 Today, there are a variety of treatment options for infertility, and new technologies are emerging to address this important health problem affecting about 15–20% of married couples. There are a number of assisted reproduction models, some of which are carried out by third parties such as gametes or embryo donations and carrier maternity. Women with ovarian failure were considered irreversibly sterile until about 20 years ago, but this view has changed as they have developed in assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Today, women with premature ovarian failure or fast ovarian reserve can be given a realistic pregnancy chance by oocyte donation. Oocyte donation is often carried out by In vitro fertilization (IVF) after ovarian hyperstimulation is controlled, followed by transfer of sperm to the uterus of recipient from the oocyte transporter partner, a healthy young donor. Using donated oocytes, the first successful pregnancy in a recipient woman was performed in 1983 [11]. It is now a developing area of oocyte donation assisted reproductive technology.

 Treatment with oocyte donation is one of the most controversial aspects of assisted reproduction. There are many differences of opinion in moral, ethical, and religious matters in society. It can be estimated that oocyte donation is even more complicated in Islamic societies when it is thought that by the third parties even the proselytizing is considered unacceptable in some Islamic rules according to some people and that the legislation prohibits it. Many countries have begun to donate oocytes by making the necessary legal arrangements in line with their values and beliefs. The rights of donor, recipient couple, and child are guaranteed by these laws. Frequently adopted adoptions before ART appear to be a solution to the problem of infertile people, but they are inadequate when considering blood and racial prevalence and can cause psychological problems in parents and children. In Anatolia, an attempt has been made to find a solution in the form of adoption of nephews in the family by taking into consideration the adoption of blood and racial preoccupation. Adoption is the biological link that the ART can provide and the lack of enthusiasm for having a child remains an undesirable option. In Islam, some schools prohibit the adoption of other than the father's [12].

 One of the problems brought by assisted reproductive therapy is who is the real parent of the child. Unless third-party genetic material is used, there is no confusion in the concepts of mother and father. For this reason, the use of genetic material by

#### *Oocyte Donation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83033*

third parties in the implementation of ART in religious traditions and in the laws of most countries is not tolerated [13].

 Donor egg, sperm, or embryo use is a social or cultural problem rather than a medical problem. For this reason, legal regulations on oocyte donations, cultural beliefs, and community are made in line with procedural considerations; individuals are free to use legal procedures according to their own values. However, the fact that it is prohibited in some communities can push them to illegal ways by preventing those who want to use it. Infertile couples try to find solutions for both infertility and other adverse effects, and try a variety of treatment options.
