*3.3.3 Special examinations*

This includes semen analysis in men, ultrasonography, endocrine tests, testicular biopsy, and sperm penetration tests. Postovulatory tests, ultrasonography, endometrial biopsy, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, and endocrine tests are included determining the day of ovulation.

Tests for man:


Tests for women:


## **3.4 Surgical treatment of infertility**

Treatment of varicocele in men is to remove obstruction by minimally invasive method in male or female, myomectomy, hysteroscopy or metroplasty in some anomalies, intrauterine synechia, septum or polyps hysteroscopy. In addition, in cases of endometriosis not resolved with medical treatment and retrogradation in extreme cases, laparotomy or laparoscopy is performed [1, 4, 26]. Tubal or pelvic causes caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can be corrected by microsurgical techniques or by performing laparotomy for the opening of pelvic adhesions [35]. To correct the coital factor, psychotherapy, sexual therapy, and artificial insemination are applied with sperm of partner [1].
