**4.4 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (microinjection, ICSI)**

 It is placed in the oocyte cytoplasm with a sperm micropipette. ICSI can be used not only in cases with very low sperm counts but also in gamete interferences in zona pellucida and vitelline membrane level. ICSI has also been used successfully in qualitative, functional sperm disorders and idiopathic infertility cases [24, 26, 42].
