**6. Upper face and cranium reconstruction**

For the entire upper face, including the nose and the cranium, bony reconstruction and cranial bone grafting are the best choices because they are membranous structures that have less tendency to resorb.

In terms of craniofacial surgeons' preferences for cranial bone grafts, this is the gold standard. Even for dorsal nasal reconstruction, the cranial bone is the most popular in craniofacial surgery departments [6, 7]. Rib cartilage has a high rate of resorption and undesired shrinkage. Diced or blocked rib cartilage is not incorporated into the underlying nasal bones. One of the fans of rib grafts was popular rhinoplasty surgeon Jack Sheen, who turned to use the cranial bone for nasal reconstruction.
