**1. History**

Craniofacial bone grafting plays an important role in the reconstruction of the craniofacial skeleton. Most of the craniofacial surgeons accepted that bony defects of the face must be reconstructed with bone and soft tissue defects must be reconstructed with soft tissues. Several studies have described the cranial bone grafting procedure that is preferred by most craniofacial surgeons worldwide [1–5]. In the past and currently, alloplastic and other autogenous materials have been used to reconstruct the craniofacial skeleton. However, alloplastic materials have been abandoned as they are associated with a high risk of complications such as migration, infection, and underlying bone resorption [6].

If vascularized free bone flaps and nonvascularized iliac bone grafts for mandibular reconstruction are eliminated, cranial bone grafts are the gold standard for use in the craniofacial skeleton. Because cranial bone grafts are composed of membranous bone, it is felt that they retain their bulk better than other types of bone grafts do, especially if they are rigidly fixed.

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
