Preface

Chapter 6 **Update on Bone Grafting Materials Used in Dentistry in the**

Chapter 8 **L-PRF: A "Super" Biomaterial for Naturally Guided Hard/Soft**

**Tissue Bioengineering and Regeneration of Oro-Dental,**

**Studies to Their Clinical Use 73**

Belir Atalay and Ozge Doganay

**Periodontal and Jaw Defects 107**

Chapter 7 **The Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Bone Grafting 95**

Susana N. Zeni

**VI** Contents

Ziyad S. Haidar

**Bone Healing Process: Our Experience from Translational**

Gretel G. Pellegrini, Andrea S. Mattiuzzi, Miguel A. Pellegrini, Luis A. Corso, Cintya P. Contreras Morales, Elizabeth Arandia Osinaga and

> Bone grafting is an interesting topic that is required by craniofacial, orthopedic, plastic re‐ constructive, neurosurgeons and oral surgeons for reconstruction of bone defects either im‐ mediately or as elective surgical procedures for reconstruction after radical tumor or cancer surgery or in cases of post-traumatic missile injuries of the facial skeleton or limbs.

> Bone grafting involves an important choice for both patients and surgeons The patient seeks the best possible reconstruction with the most natural looking results and to restore the functional activity of the bone defect. The surgeon tries to solve the patient problem and often must decide whether to perform a quick temporary reconstruction by metal prosthesis or carry out a carefully considered but more involved surgical procedure that combine an appreciation of form and function with understanding of tumor biology. Complete tumor resection of a bony type is always required for restoration of function, growth, and aesthetic feature. Also, bone grafting is required for restoration of function, growth, and aesthetic fea‐ ture and in missing bone in RTA and in secondary phase of missile war injuries.

> The ability to plan bone grafting comes only with experience, skill, and knowledge. In the early stage of practicing bone grafting, the results can be humbling. Competence, skill, and knowledge of the bone grafting technique can be achieved only through studying the pa‐ tients' needs and requirements.

> The book title (Bone Grafting - Recent Advances with Special References to Cranio-Maxillofa‐ cial Surgery) was chosen because there have been many different techniques of bone grafting of the facial skeleton been applied more than any other area in the body. Other specialties such as orthopedic surgery, reconstructive surgery, neurosurgery, plastic and oral surgery, and maxillofacial surgery use bone grafts from the iliac bone more than any other specialties.

> Recently, the editor published a research study on experimental bone grafting studies on rabbits. The aim was to understand the cellular changes that occur after bone grafting be‐ tween the stump of the mandible and bone graft and the role of mesenchymal stem cells and growth factor released from platelets to promote bone graft healing.

> This book contains 8 chapters with the Introductory Chapter by the editor. The book is div‐ ided into three sections:

Section I, Craniofacial Surgery, contains three chapters

Section II, Orthopedic Surgery, contains one chapter

Section III, Research, Biological Aspect of Bone Graft and Bovine Type and its Application in Oral Surgery and Implantology, contains four chapters.

The book also describes the advances in the application of bovine bone graft from cadavers in both secondary hip replacement, in surgery of the ankle and foot and also for building alveolar bone.

This book required great support and effort from the book editor and from the publishing team. I would like to thank Author Service Managers, Edita Umihanic, Kristina Jurdana and Sara Petanjek for their great help and assistance. Also I would like to thank all the authors of the chapters for their great contribution in production of this book.

This is a very interesting book to the readers and top specialists in craniofacial surgery, or‐ thopedic surgery, reconstructive surgery, neurosurgeons and oral surgeons who are inter‐ ested in implantology.

> **Raja Kummoona** Emeritus Professor of Maxillofacial Surgery Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations Baghdad, Iraq

**Section 1**

**Craniofacial Surgery**

**Section 1**

**Craniofacial Surgery**

The book also describes the advances in the application of bovine bone graft from cadavers in both secondary hip replacement, in surgery of the ankle and foot and also for building

This book required great support and effort from the book editor and from the publishing team. I would like to thank Author Service Managers, Edita Umihanic, Kristina Jurdana and Sara Petanjek for their great help and assistance. Also I would like to thank all the authors of

This is a very interesting book to the readers and top specialists in craniofacial surgery, or‐ thopedic surgery, reconstructive surgery, neurosurgeons and oral surgeons who are inter‐

**Raja Kummoona**

Baghdad, Iraq

Emeritus Professor of Maxillofacial Surgery Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations

the chapters for their great contribution in production of this book.

alveolar bone.

VIII Preface

ested in implantology.

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Introductory Chapter: Bone Grafting and Its**

**Introductory Chapter: Bone Grafting and Its** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80299

Bone grafting is not a new technique but has a longer history, and its important component in

The construction of first modern microscope by Galileo Galilei (1609) and the discovery of blood circulation by William Harvey in 1615, the first bone grafting operation was performed by a Dutch doctor in 1668, Jacob Van Meekeren. This doctor placed a piece of dog bone in a soldier's skull defect from war injury to heal in, but unfortunately, the soldier was often excommunicated by the church for being part dog, and he was pressing. The soldier did request his doctor to remove it because its presence upsets him, and the doctor discovered of

In the process of attempting to remove the bone graft, Van Meekeren discovered that the bone had healed too well, and he found it's actually irremovable. It was the first xenograft applied on humans. More than 150 years later, the first recorded allograft operation was performed by Dr. Walter in Germany. Later, Great British surgeon Sir William Macewen (1880) [2] (from Lexer) attempted the transplantation of bone by reconstruction of a diaphysis of a child's humerus arm from the leg of another patient and considered this as real success in bone

Bone grafting is an interesting topic practiced by cranial-maxillofacial surgeons and orthopedic surgeons for restoring continuity of bone after radical tumor surgery, road traffic accident with loss of bone segments, and in the cases of post-traumatic missile war injuries. Bone grafting has been used for reconstruction of congenital cranial and facial deformities and

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Application in Cranial-Maxillofacial Surgery.**

**Application in Cranial-Maxillofacial Surgery.** 

**The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells**

modern surgery begins nearly before three-and-a-half centuries.

**The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Raja KummoonaAdditional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80299

how well bone grafting actually worked [1].

allograft transplantation [1].

Raja Kummoona

**1. Introduction**

#### **Introductory Chapter: Bone Grafting and Its Application in Cranial-Maxillofacial Surgery. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Introductory Chapter: Bone Grafting and Its Application in Cranial-Maxillofacial Surgery. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80299

Raja Kummoona

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Raja KummoonaAdditional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80299
