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## Meet the editor

Haisheng Yang, Ph.D., is the Director and BJUT Professor of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanics/Biomechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology (jointly with University of California, Berkeley). Afterwards, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Purdue Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics

Lab at the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, USA. He conducted research in the Research Centre of Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada at McGill University, Canada. Dr. Yang has over 10 years of research experience in orthopedic biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone adaptation and regeneration. He earned an award from Beijing Overseas Talents Aggregation program and is honored as one of the Beijing Specially Recruited Experts.

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 41**

**Chapter 4 61**

**Chapter 5 75**

**Chapter 6 93**

**Chapter 7 111**

Potential Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Bone Regenerative

Role of Inflammatory Factors in Regulation of Osteogenesis in

Alternative Strategies for Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation *by Carla Cristina Gomes Pinheiro and Daniela Franco Bueno*

*by Yandong Mu, Lu Yang, Chenglong Li and Wei Qing*

*by Jiazhao Yang, Wanbo Zhu, Jinsen Lu, Kai Xie, Shiyuan Fang and Lixin Kan*

Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Targeting Osteoblastogenesis

Distraction Osteogenesis in Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Reconstructive

*by Firdaus Hariri, Siok Yoong Chin, Jonathan Rengarajoo, Qi Chao Foo,* 

Bone Development and Growth *by Rosy Setiawati and Paulus Rahardjo*

Contents

*by Yanqin Lu and Jinxiang Han*

Tissue-Engineered Bone

*Siti Nur Nabihah Zainul Abidin and Ahmad Fadhli Ahmad Badruddin*

Medicine

*by Yanqiu Liu*

Surgery

Wnt Signaling and Genetic Bone Diseases

## Contents


Preface

Osteogenesis, the formation of bone or the development of bones, has two major modes — intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification — and both involve the transformation of a pre-existing mesenchymal tissue into bone tissue. Osteogenesis is a core component of the skeletal system and depends on the well-coordinated proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells, including chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional factors tightly regulate the process of osteogenesis. Any abnormities in bone formation could cause severe disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteoporosis. Understanding the mechanisms of osteogenesis can be helpful for clinical treatment of all conditions that affect bone formation, from congenital deformities to bone fractures. This book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current developments in osteogenesis, including its underlying biological and mechanobiological mechanisms, its related clinical diseases and treatment strategies, and particularly advanced applications in bone regeneration and tissue engineering.

Funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11702008), Beijing Excellent Talents Funds (2017000020124G277), and Support Plan for Highlevel Faculties in Beijing Municipal Universities (CIT&TCD201804011) is greatly

**Haisheng Yang**

Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering,

Beijing University of Technology, China

Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation,

Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation,

acknowledged.
