**Author details**

*Psychopathology - An International and Interdisciplinary Perspective*

new relationship with the use of drugs.

not want or cannot stop using drugs [90].

ment models need to be constantly discussed.

the content and writing of this chapter.

the phenomenon of "relapse."

ment models.

**8. Conclusions**

multiple process repetion possibilities each person experiences. When passing through a drug use experience, the person remeans what happens to him and can, on the other hand, produce new learning that will encourage him to have a

Thus, considering reflections of Maturana and Varela [89] that all coupling and interaction directly affect the nervous system due to the structural changes that arouse in it, we consider that all experience is transformative, even so, sometimes, changes are not completely visible. Such reflections make even greater sense in relation to humans, and we can transpose this idea to expand our understanding of

Every "relapse" brings learning that we cannot always see. And considering the biomedical perspective of care, which seeks abstinence as the only possibility of successful treatment outcome, the idea of considering other learning and ways of dealing with drug use is not accepted. Generally, the treatments offered are anchored in other paradigms as already mentioned above. In the abstinence paradigm, "partial" learning of the person who uses drugs is not accepted. The resignification that is given by each person is not accepted. Do not consider his experience with the drug and use contexts involved. That way, the proposal to consider "recursion" as something inherent in all living systems, regardless of drug use or abuse, strengthens and connects with the perspective of other treat-

HR, for example, will accept "partial" learning considering possibility of restructuring the subject from a more controlled use and less harmful to your health and to the social and family relations, facilitating adherence of many people who do

Cocaine has several forms of presentation. These modifications in forms of presentation can cause changes in the molecule of cocaine, which generates different drug kinetic and dynamic patterns. Cocaine in its salt form is usually administered snorted and has less intense and longer effects. In its molecular form, usually smoked, effects are more intense and short. These variations in intensity and duration of effects end up influencing use frequency and onset of addiction.

Cocaine addiction is a rather difficult pathology to treat, and there are several approaches such as medication, religious, and psychosocial treatment. There are psychosocial approaches that derive from cognitive behavioral therapy, in addition to other approaches that consider individual rights as harm reduction. Nevertheless, these approaches do not study the phenomenon of relapse. Recursion comprises the phenomenon of relapse as something natural in the process of treatment of the drug user and as a form of learning, being these elements essential for the addiction

The phenomenon of cocaine addiction is complex and involves from chemical and pharmacological characteristics of the substance to its contexts of use. New understandings of various forms of drug presentation in the world and new treat-

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for

**34**

treatment.

**Conflict of interest**

Antonio Gomes de Castro Neto1 \*, Magda da Silva Figueiroa2 , Renata Barreto Fernandes de Almeida3 , Rossana Carla Rameh-de-Albuquerque4 , Iandê dos Santos Gomes de Moura5 and Solange Aparecida Nappo6


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