**3. Conclusion**

ECSs are distributed widely and in increasing amounts over the world in the last few decades. ECSs exposure could occur through breastfeeding and hand-to-mouth activities in small children. In this review, epidemiological studies of children between ECSs exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders and experimental animal studies were focused. In our literature review, lead, methylmercury, pesticides, tobacco (cotinine), persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs, and environmental hormones such as bisphenol A and phthalates have been indicated association between neuronal disability and exposure levels in children. Children's brain and nervous system are vulnerable to adverse impacts from pollutants because they go through a long developmental process beginning shortly after conception and continuing through adolescence. This complex developmental process requires the precise coordination of cell growth and movement, and may be disrupted by even shortterm exposures to environmental contaminants if they occur at critical periods of development. This disruption can lead to neurodevelopmental deficits that may have an effect on the children's achievements and behaviors even though they do not result in a diagnosable disorder.
