**2.1 Identifying twice-exceptional children in science**

In this study, 2E children in science were found in an urban city in Japan. The city board of education has a three-stage systematised framework for profiling children with mild developmental disorders. In the first screening, all children in the city are observed using a general checklist to identify characteristics of children with developmental disorders. The second screening is conducted using a checklist designed to specifically identify the type of developmental disorder. The third screening includes the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition-(WISC-III), the Japanese Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K=ABC), the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA), and other similar developmental surveys; scholastic records; and information about home environments and early developmental history.

In the screening for giftedness in science, Sumida's Gifted Behaviour Checklist in Science for Primary Children (Sumida, 2010) was used for primary children at eight schools randomly chosen from 62 primary schools in the city. The checklist consists of 60 items, is focused on: Attitudes, Thinking, Skills, and Knowledge/Understanding in science. Using factor analysis, three factors were proposed as "General Competence in Science," "Competence in Science regarding Natural Thing," and "Creative Competence in Science," and a cluster analysis with subscale points for each factor identified three "gifted styles" in science. These were: (1) Spontaneous Style, (2) Expert Style, and (3) Solid Style. Sumida (2010) found that LD/ADHD/HA children displayed the Spontaneous Style, while non-LD/ADHD/HA children were characterized under the Solid Style. The number of children exhibiting the Expert Style was the lowest, with no significant difference between the two groups.

In Sumida's study (2010), 13 out of 86 children were in the Expert Style Group; five of these children had LD/ADHD/HA. The subject of this study was one of the LD/ADHD/HA primary children in the Expert Style Group.
