**3. Historical review**

References related to aid, support and medical treatment of individuals in need are traced even during the dark periods of mankind as cited by Winzer, M., (1993). From 1500 to 1662 four events have been considered the cornerstones in the history of special education.


Moreover, the first school for blind children is recorded in UK in 1791, whereas the first school for deaf was established in USA in 1817 under the name of American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb In the 1800s the education of disabled persons was the responsibility of individuals supported by charities, hospitals, philanthropists etc following a system tending to the isolation of disabled persons.

By the end of the 18th century, education for disabled children was accepted as a branch of education under the name of *Special Education.* 

Following the change of attitude toward people with disabilities during the end of the 18th century in the USA, reformers founded schools to educate children with a variety of disabilities. (Alton, G.,(2001) The compulsory education for normal children (1900) was extended to all children in England in 1913 and in USA in 1918. Beginning in the late 1960 and early in 1970 parents and advocates for students with disabilities began to use the

• Being physically ore especially mentally handicapped. Special schooling is required. [-]

• Having much more than average intelligence, ability or skills. (an exceptional

• Deviating from the norm, as having above or below average intelligence. [+/-] Now picture that you receive a letter from your daughter's school informing you that "**your daughter is exceptional".** What will you do? *Will you jump for joy?* or *will you feel* 

References related to aid, support and medical treatment of individuals in need are traced even during the dark periods of mankind as cited by Winzer, M., (1993). From 1500 to 1662 four events have been considered the cornerstones in the history of special education.




Moreover, the first school for blind children is recorded in UK in 1791, whereas the first school for deaf was established in USA in 1817 under the name of American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb In the 1800s the education of disabled persons was the responsibility of individuals supported by charities, hospitals, philanthropists etc following

By the end of the 18th century, education for disabled children was accepted as a branch of

Following the change of attitude toward people with disabilities during the end of the 18th century in the USA, reformers founded schools to educate children with a variety of disabilities. (Alton, G.,(2001) The compulsory education for normal children (1900) was extended to all children in England in 1913 and in USA in 1918. Beginning in the late 1960 and early in 1970 parents and advocates for students with disabilities began to use the

• Being unusually excellent, superior. ( an exceptional violinist) [+]

• Deviating widely from the norm as of physical, mental ability. [-]

• Well above average, extraordinary. (an exceptional talent) [+]

• Extremely good or impressive in a way that is unusual [-]

• Better than average, superior ( an exceptional skill) [+]



teaching of deaf and blind individuals in 1662.

a system tending to the isolation of disabled persons.

education under the name of *Special Education.* 

educate disabled persons.

• **Dictionary com** 

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• **The free dictionary** 

memory) [+]

• **Macmillan Dictionary** 

• **Merrian Webster** 

**3. Historical review** 

*bitterness?* 

• Below normal in intelligence [-]

courts trying to force the states to provide an equal educational opportunity to these students (Yell, M.,(2004).

The compulsory education for normal children (1909) was extended to all children in England in 1913 and in USA in 1918.

Beginning in the late 1960 and early in 1970, parents and advocates for students with disabilities began to use the courts trying to force the states to provide an equal educational opportunity to these students. (Yell, M.,(2006). Among these e cases the following are worth mentioning:


In the period of 1958 to 1975, Heward, W. & Orlansky, D., (op.cit,) reported that four important public laws out of the twelve which were passed refer to:


The emergence of initiatives related to persons with disabilities towards the integration accomplished in the 20th century followed a fascinating pathway from the 16th century in Spain through the Age of Enlightenment in 17th century France and England to 18th –century issues in Europe and North America.(Winzer, M., op.cit)
