**9.1. Behavioral modification**

Weight loss, quitting smoking and alcohol, changing sleep positions and head posture, and avoidance of central nervous system depressors may be beneficial for some patients. Weight loss may decrease OSA symptoms by reducing the size of the tongue and soft palate. Quitting alcohol and depressor drugs prevents the relaxation of upper airway muscles. Alteration of sleeping position can prevent the tongue and mandible moving backward and narrowing the airway. The patients are instructed to sleep on their sides rather than their backs.
