**19.3. Differences between pediatric and adult OSA**


**5.** Class 3 growth modification therapy: When the pediatric or adolescent patients have both class 3 maxillary deficiency and OSA, class 3 growth modification therapy is recommended. In this treatment maxilla is widened first with RPE, followed by orthopedic

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**6.** CPAP therapy: This therapy can be advised to severely affected adolescent OSAS patients. In pediatric and adolescent population, the long-term use of CPAP can cause craniofacial side effects. The force applied from the elastic strap of CPAP mask applies a restraining force on the maxilla. So, CPAP therapy can lead a class 3 skeletal deficiency in pediatric and adolescent OSA patients. But it is unclear how much of the malocclusion results from

Sleep-related breathing disorders are complicated problems, which decrease life quality and

Dentists, who are specialized in dental sleep medicine, can see the early symptoms of these diseases and can be frontline screeners for potential OSAS diagnosis. In the treatment of snoring and mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea, the oral appliance therapy was found to

[1] European Respiratory Society and European Lung Foundation. 2003. Lung health in Europe—Facts and figures. Available from: www.europeanlungfoundation.org/uploads/

[2] Sleep-related Breathing Disorders in Adults. Recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. The Report of an American Academy

[3] Young T, Palta M, Demsey J, Skotrud J, Weber S, Bodr S. The occurrence of sleep disordered breathing among middle aged adults. The New England Journal of Medicine.

CPAP and how much results from an underlying adverse growth pattern.

traction with protraction face mask (reverse pull headgear).

**21. Conclusion**

**Author details**

Handan Tuğçe Oğuz

**References**

1993;**328**:1230-1235

increase morbidity and mortality in patients.

Address all correspondence to: htugce@gmail.com

Document/WEB\_CHEMIN\_13411\_1222853571.pdf

of Sleep Medicine Task Force. Sleep. 1999;**22**:667-689

Private Orthodontics Clinic, Ankara, Turkey

be a very effective treatment option.

