**9.2. Surgical treatment**

OSA resulted from anatomic obstruction of the upper airway, unsuccessful behavioral therapies, and inability to tolerate CPAP or oral appliances, which are inclusion criteria for surgical treatment. Tracheostomy, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, genial advancement with or without hyoid myotomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, laser glossectomy and lingualplasty, maxillomandibular advancement, and epiglottoplasty are the surgical techniques used for the treatment of OSAS.
