**4.1 Membrane dynamics during autophagy**

The process of autophagy is often thought about to happen in different stages—initiation or nucleation of phagophores (cup-shaped, double-membraned autophagosome precursors), expansion of phagophores, completion or closure of autophagosomes, fusion of autophagosomes with the lysosome/vacuole, and the efflux of materials from the lysosome/vacuole for reuse (**Figure 2**). Because our review aims to focus on the lipid homeostasis and trafficking during autophagy, we focus our discussion below on the first four stages of autophagy (initiation through fusion).
