**Acknowledgements**

chronic diseases and being one of the main causes of death in today's world require to continue and deepen the study of these diseases as well as its association with the dengue disease [5]. In endemic areas, dengue studies in blood banking are essential especially in epidemic outbreaks so that when there is a large amount of asymptomatic DENV, the virus may be trans-

Individuals with inapparent dengue virus infection are considered dead-end hosts for transmission because they do not present high enough levels of viremia to infect mosquitoes; nonetheless, some studies show that asymptomatic people for dengue can transmit the virus to mosquitoes when bitten, although having a lower average of viremia, increasing the risk of disease spread in different areas [42]. Therefore, it is important to carry out studies with individuals presenting inapparent dengue virus infections aimed at breaking the transmis-

Wildlife mammals with genetic material and antibody against DENV like bats have been found, but their participation in the transmission cycle have not been approved yet [43].

Because of not having found an animal model able to replicate the dengue disease, it is necessary to continue searching for different animal models which can support the study of this disease so that the use of humanized mice becomes an attractive area of research [36, 37].

The development of new drugs and the vegetal compound assessment with antiviral activity

The use of mathematical models to predict the pace of dengue spread based on clinical data

DENV has a type of RNA genome, with a dependent RNA polymerase without a corrective activity being able to accumulate genetic material changes leading to a false positive increase in PCR tests [11]. Thus, it is required to evaluate the necessity of primer redesigning which allows detecting a larger amount of DENV circulating strains worldwide as well as its stan-

DENV coinfections along with other microorganisms circulating in the same endemic areas like DENV/*plasmodium* Sp. may be frequent depending on the disease prevalence in the area, especially if they are transmitted by the same vector in cases like DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV. Some studies have shown infections of *Aedes aegypti* with MAYV causing a concern

Dengue is still a leading public health problem. The diagnostic tests must improve and be standardized in all research and diagnostic laboratories with the use of technology. This will allow having comparable results in different studies and reference centers that contribute to the knowledge development needed to understand transmission mechanisms and DENV propagation and setting preventive and appropriate control measures as well as developing

about a possible natural transmission of such disease in urban areas [22, 44].

new vaccines and antivirals helping to control this disease.

against DENV are needed because there is no specific treatment for this disease yet.

and laboratory results may support the prognosis of this disease.

mitted through blood transfusions [41].

72 Dengue Fever - a Resilient Threat in the Face of Innovation

sion cycle and avoiding disease spread.

dardization and assessment.

**3. Conclusion(s)**

I would like to thank to the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit Six (NAMRU-6) and the virology and molecular biology laboratory of the Faculty of Biology at the National University of San Marcos for contributing with the photos of the laboratory tests mentioned in this chapter.
