**1.1.** *Aedes* **distribution**

*Ae. aegypti* and *Ae. albopictus* are worldwide distributed between 35° N and 35° S, latitudes that roughly correspond to a 10°C winter isotherm which appears to be the limiting temperatures that the species can tolerate while overwintering [5]. The species are highly adapted to urban environments, breeding in stagnant water found in manufactured containers, garbage heaps, and tyres. However, the distribution of *Ae. albopictus* has been highly biased to temperate climates [10] though the vector is now widely distributed throughout the Americas (excluding Canada), Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific [11].

The geographic distribution of *Ae. aegypti* based on the order of higher levels of occurrence for each continent reveals that in the Americas, the Brazil ranks the highest (**Table 1**). In Africa, occurrence of the vectors have been recorded in Senegal, Cameroon, Kenya, Tanzania, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Madagascar, Gabon, and Sierra Leone (**Table 1**). In Asia/Oceania, occurrence of *Ae. aegypti* has been reported and documented (**Table 1**) [3, 12].
