**2. Diagnosis of dengue**

At this time, a tetravalent dengue vaccine has been developed but due to its lack of protection on non-exposed individuals, it is not an effective option. On the other hand, antiviral drugs for curing the dengue are not available; thus, accurate and timely diagnosis is of utmost importance for appropriate management of a patient suffering from severe dengue [19]. However, diagnosis of dengue based on clinical manifestation is quite complicated as the signs of dengue are very common in other febrile illness; therefore, diagnosis is very challenging using this approach [10, 20]. Thus, laboratory confirmation is needed for definite diagnosis. Laboratory confirmation of dengue can be obtained using several techniques such as virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of viral genome, nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen detection, and serological detection of dengue-specific antibodies such as IgM and IgG [21]. Nevertheless, effective application of each diagnostic technique depends on the disease stages.

#### **2.1. Recent advancement in the diagnosis of dengue**

The WHO set "affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid, easy to handle and deliver to those who need them (ASSURED)" as the characteristics of an ideal point-of-care test for resource-limited countries [22, 23]. With the advancement of science and technology, several novel diagnostic platforms emerged for the diagnostic of infectious disease such as biosensor, microfluidic, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and so on. These diagnostic platforms were also explored by the researchers for developing a point-of-care test for the diagnosis of dengue. The below section will briefly give an insight into some of these platforms investigated for the diagnosis of dengue.
