**Meet the editors**

Dr. Falcón-Lezama obtained his Medical degree at Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, a Master's degree on Infectious Diseases at Mexico's National Institute of Public Health, a PhD. on Epidemiology at National Autonomous University of Mexico, and a Specialization course on Intelligence for National Security at Mexico's National Institute of Public Administration.

He has worked at Morelos State Health Services, Mexico's Institute for Insurance and Social Services for the State Workers, and currently as Project Coordinator on Infectious Diseases at the Carlos Slim Foundation. Dr. Falcón-Lezama has taught postgraduate courses at the National Polytechnic Institute, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, and Hidalgo State Autonomous University. He is member of Mexico's National Researchers System, and the Mexican Public Health Association.

Dr. Betancourt-Cravioto is Director of Global Solutions at the Carlos Slim Foundation, where he coordinates the international projects on vaccinology, genomics, and neglected tropical diseases. He is a pediatrician and has a Master's Degree in Health Policy, Planning, and Financing, and a Doctorate in Public Health from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

He worked for over a decade at the Ministry of Health of Mexico where he occupied managerial positions in surveillance, immunizations, public health emergencies, and disasters. Dr. Betancourt-Cravioto is fellow of the National Researchers System of Mexico and has lectured on epidemiology, health policy, and public health. He is an author of scientific papers and book chapters on NTDs, public health emergencies, dengue fever, and vaccinology.

Dr. Tapia-Conyer has been the Carlos Slim Foundation CEO for the last 12 years. In that position, he has designed and implemented innovative initiatives and models to strengthen health systems and foster the solution of demanding health problems. He served at the Mexican Ministry of Health for over 25 years. As General Director of Epidemiology, he designed and implement-

ed the National Epidemiological Surveillance System, and the National Health Surveys. As Vice-Minister of Prevention and Health Promotion, he implemented innovative public health programs that are cornerstone of Mexico's Public Health agenda. He holds a tenure position at the UNAM's School of Medicine.

Contents

**Preface VII**

**Section 1 Current Panorama of Dengue Fever 1**

Chapter 1 **Dengue Fever: A General Perspective 3**

Felipe Avella-Niño

Juan Samuel Sulca Herencia

**Section 2 New Tools for Study and Control 77**

Manrique-Saide

Majeed, Farhat Jabeen and Kanwal Ranian

Chapter 3 **Ecology of Aedes Mosquitoes, the Major Vectors of Arboviruses in Human Population 39**

Chapter 2 **The Burden of Dengue Illness and Its Economics Costs in the**

**Americas: A Review on the Most Affected Countries 21**

Germana Baraka, Lucile Lyaruu and Aneth M. Mahande

Chapter 4 **Laboratory Tests Used in the Diagnostic and Research of Dengue Virus: Present and Future 57**

Chapter 5 **Urban Ecology and the Effectiveness of Aedes Control 79** Wladimir J. Alonso and Benjamin J.J. McCormick

Chapter 6 **Challenges for the Introduction and Evaluation of the Impact of Innovative Aedes aegypti Control Strategies 95**

> Héctor Gómez-Dantés, Norma Pavía-Ruz, Fabián Correa-Morales, Abdiel Martín-Park, Gonzalo Vázquez-Prokopec and Pablo

Muhammad Kashif Zahoor, Azhar Rasul, Muhammad Asif Zahoor, Iqra Sarfraz, Muhammad Zulhussnain, Rizwan Rasool, Humara Naz

Raúl Castro Rodríguez, Jorge Armando Rueda-Gallardo and Manuel

Eliningaya J. Kweka, Vito Baraka, Leah Mathias, Beda Mwang'onde,
