**Abstract**

Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare condition in which spontaneous pneumothorax is recurrent. The incidence of catamenial pneumothorax has been underestimated for a few number of reasons. Recently, the etiology of catamenial pneumothorax has been more accurately diagnosed because of increased awareness and interest in the disease. Common and effective use of VATS technique contributed to better understanding of the disease. The management of the disease is difficult because of high recurrence rate. Operative and nonoperative interventions should be practiced more to prevent recurrences. Hormonal therapy should be added to treatment in selected cases. In this chapter, we will discuss all aspects of catamenial pneumothorax from diagnosis to treatment.

**Keywords:** pneumothorax, menstruation, catamenial, surgery
