**11. Conclusions**

Young women with pneumothorax, especially in the perimenstrual period, should be suspected of catamenial pneumothorax. Failure occurs most frequently when recurrent catamenial pneumothorax occurs.

The lesions of the parietal and visceral pleura should be carefully examined and removed during surgery. Diaphragm reconstruction is required every time when fenestrations are detected in diaphragm.

Hormonal therapy is also recommended because it facilitates the effectiveness of the surgical results.

Multidisciplinary approach with early postoperative hormonal treatment, which deals with all thoracic pathologies including disease awareness, early diagnosis, diaphragmatic repair, and surgical management of the main chronic systemic disease, may eventually lead to a reduction in the rate of recurrence of catamenial pneumothorax [3–13, 15, 23, 24, 30, 32].

Treatment of women of childbearing age is different from men of the same age group. CPX should be excluded in the cohort of women, especially when the
