**Immunotherapy for Esophageal Cancer Immunotherapy for Esophageal Cancer**

#### Tian Wang and Yi Zhang Tian Wang and Yi Zhang

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42(10):6270-6285

10 Esophageal Cancer and Beyond

3956

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78644

#### **Abstract**

As the third most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, esophageal cancer has a rather worse prognosis treated with current therapy strategies, and a poor 5-year survival rate lower than 15%. Recent years, emerging immunotherapy has showed a gratifying effect in treating other solid tumors which illuminates its usage for esophageal cancers. Immunotherapy for esophageal cancer basically includes adoptive-cell-therapy-based, antibody-based and vaccine-based therapies, and all of which have shown preliminary favorable results in treating esophageal cancer. However, due to the rather lower mutation rate and a tough microenvironment inside the cancer, promising immunotherapies like immune checkpoint blockade drugs, gene-modified-T cell therapies are hindered by the immunosuppressive factors from microenvironment. Future endeavors will be focusing on targeting immunosuppressive factors, combining immunotherapies with classical treatments to create a satisfying effect.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78644

**Keywords:** esophageal cancer, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade drugs, CAR-T cell therapy
