**Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease**

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**14** 

*1,3Malaysia 2,4Iraq*

**The Role of Diet, Prebiotic and Probiotic** 

**in the Development and Management of** 

*1Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor,* 

*4Microbiology department, College of Medicine, Baghdad University* 

*2Microbiology department, College of Medicine, Alnahrain University, Baghdad* 

*3Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor* 

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a chronic inflammation condition of the intestinal tract concerning both small and large intestine. The major types of IBD are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both are chronic, relapsing and remitting diseases. The etiology of these diseases is quite complicated that involves genetic and environmental factors including diets, geographical and socioeconomic status and microbial factors. This chapter provides and discusses information about diet, prebiotic and probiotic and their role

Diet has important role in the development of IBD or protection against IBD. The nutritional components contribute in the balance of intestinal microflora either positively or negatively depending on the diet itself. Foods have been previously considered by consumers barely in term of taste and immediate nutritional needs. Instead of those two aspects, many consumers consider the foods ability to provide specific benefits beyond their nutritional as stringent reasons for choosing foods as their daily diet. Thus, functional foods have become an important and rapidly growing segment of the food markets, especially for the prevention and mangemnt of bowel-related diseases such as IBD. On the other hand, Prebiotic components and probiotic bacteria have also been used in the prevention and treatment of IBD, and they exhibit proven efficacy in many clinical studies. Prebiotic such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are commercially available in the markets, as well as probiotic supplemented food such as yogurt and fermented milk. Further information

This chapter reviews the role of diet and its different elements namely, fibers, proteins, fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids), and carbohydrates in the development and management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In addition, the chapter will discuss the link between life style and nutritional status with the enteric microbiota, and the balance between harmful bacteria and the beneficial bacteria (prebiotic components and probiotic bacteria). Moreover, the mechanisms of such relationship between the enteric microbiota

regarding this both food products will be discussed later in this chapter.

**1. Introduction** 

in the development and management of IBD.

**Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)** 

Abdulamir, A.S.1,2, Muhammad Zukhrufuz Zaman3,

Hafidh R.R.1,4 and Abu Bakar F.1,3
