**9.2 Deep brain stimulation**

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most common surgical intervention for the treatment of PD. The procedure involves the surgical placement of electrodes, either unilaterally or bilaterally, in certain target areas in the brain. Most commonly placed in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the internal globus pallidus (GPi). The electrodes are then connected to a pulse generator implanted in the chest. DBS is known to improve motor symptoms and overall quality of life however we have only recently established that it also improves non-motor symptoms, including sleep [121]. STN DBS especially has shown significant improvement in sleep quality, sleep efficiency and sleep duration [121].

The beneficial effect on sleep architecture and sleep disorders [45] are displayed **Table 7**.
