**4. Conclusions**

Asthma and allergic rhinitis are a complex heterogeneous group of airway diseases that affects both children and adults worldwide. Through the use of molecular and cellular immunology, conceptual shifts have been made in the understanding of these diseases involving both innate and adaptive immunity as well examination of airway epithelial changes that occur with asthma, evolving into personalizedtargeted therapy for asthma in view of these mechanisms. Allergic rhinitis is the most common of all atopic diseases, and although it can develop at any age, most patients report the onset of symptoms before 30 years of age, making it the most common chronic disorder in children.
