One Airway Disease

*Rhinosinusitis*

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**98**

Chapter 8

Abstract

1. Introduction

allergic rhinitis [5].

101

Clearance

Gennady Fedorovitch

Aerosol Particles in Lungs:

Deposition and Mucociliary

A theoretical model of the movement of aerosols in the lungs is proposed. The model is based upon the transport equations taking into account the aerosol inertial deposition processes. Particles move along curvilinear trajectories in self-twisted vortex air flows. Deposition occurs over several cycles of inhalation and exhalation. This mechanism works for particles with a diameter greater than 1–2 microns. All particles with a diameter of 4 microns and more are captured in the respiratory tract before the terminal bronchioles. Only particles with a size of less than 2 microns can penetrate into the respiratory parts of the lungs, but the cleaning coefficient for them is close to unity. The lung cleaning model describes the limiting capabilities of the mucociliarу system. The importance of taking into account the temporal characteristics of the mucociliary escalation of dust deposited in the lungs has been demonstrated. The existence of a mode of accumulation of particles in the lungs, due to a lack of cleaning time during periodic dust exposure, has been established.

Keywords: modeling, human lung, airways, swirling flow, particle deposition, distribution of aerosols, mucociliary clearance, particle transport, accumulation

pathophysiologic, and clinical data are so compelling that the concept of "one airway, one disease" is accepted [1]. Several mechanisms have been held responsible for the interaction between the upper and lower airways (see Review [2]). A good example is the high prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with asthma. Recent data provide ample evidence of existence of a systemic pathway between allergic rhinitis and asthma. It has been found that the severity of asthma directly correlates with the severity of sinus disease [3, 4]. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma constitute the most severe form of unified respiratory tract disease, which is characterized by older age of the patients, greater duration of nasal symptoms, extent of sinus radiological changes, more prominent systemic inflammation markers, greater bronchial obstruction, and incidence of perennial

Rhinitis and pulmonary pathology frequently occur together. The epidemiologic,

Theoretical Modeling of
