*1.1.1 Endogenous antioxidants*

*Gingival Disease - A Professional Approach for Treatment and Prevention*

oxide dismutase

loplasmin, and albumin [5].

*lipopolysaccharide; and ROS, reactive oxygen species.*

• by neutralizing the primary radicals that initiate free radical production; super-

• forming a chelate with transition metals; lactoferrin, transferrin, ferritin, ceru-

*It is shown that ROS has a key role in tissue injury occurred during reacting against periodontal pathogens and occurrence of chronic inflammation [2]. MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP, matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; AP-1, activator protein-1; PDL, periodontal ligament; TNF, tumor necrotizing factor; IL, interleukin; GM CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; LPS,* 

*The biological effects of small and large shifts on the balance of activity between reactive oxygen species (ROS)* 

**112**

**Figure 2.**

*and antioxidant (AO) species [2].*

**Figure 1.**

Endogenous antioxidants are classified as enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants.
