**5. How to prevent gingival diseases?**

Maintaining good oral hygiene by controlling plaque accumulation, especially in the interdental spaces, is the most essential factor to prevent the incidence of gingivitis and periodontitis. Indeed, home dental care is not always sufficient for prevention, even though it is perfect, and many patients are complaining of gingival problems in spite of following and practicing oral hygiene instructions. This will motivate the dentist to do a comprehensive assessment in collaboration with other medical specialists in case of suspecting any systemic disturbances. Furthermore, the patient should be instructed to eat healthier food in order to maintain good levels of vitamins and nutrients [16, 29], and keep his weight within the normal ranges by doing exercises in order to decrease psychological stress and enhance his immune system as well. Moreover, the dentist should also encourage the patient to control or quit, if possible, any bad habits, such as smoking [30]. Furthermore, the patient with an allergic history had better be acquainted with the correlation between gingival diseases and the long-term reaction of his immune system caused by chronic exposure to allergens at home or work place.
