**Author details**

Yu Fan, Chi Teng Vong and Richard D. Ye\* State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region, China

\*Address all correspondence to: richardye@umac.mo

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**123**

*Serum Amyloid A and Immunomodulation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81617*

[1] Levin M, Pras M, Franklin EC. Immunologic studies of the major nonimmunoglobulin protein of amyloid. I. Identification and partial characterization of a related serum component. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. of the American Society of Nephrology.

[9] Malle E, Sodin-Semrl S, Kovacevic A. Serum amyloid A: An acutephase protein involved in tumour pathogenesis. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2009;**66**(1):9-26

[10] Kisilevsky R. Serum amyloid A (SAA), a protein without a function: Some suggestions with reference to cholesterol metabolism. Medical Hypotheses. 1991;**35**(4):337-341

[11] Getz GS, Reardon CA. SAA, HDL biogenesis, and inflammation. Journal of Lipid Research. 2008;**49**(2):269-270

[12] Kisilevsky R, Manley PN. Acutephase serum amyloid A: Perspectives on its physiological and pathological roles.

[13] De Buck M, Gouwy M, Wang JM, Van Snick J, Proost P, Struyf S, et al. The cytokine-serum amyloid A-chemokine network. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 2016;**30**:55-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.

[14] Sun L, Ye RD. Serum amyloid A1: Structure, function and gene polymorphism. Gene. 2016;**583**(1): 48-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.044

[15] Sack GH Jr. Serum amyloid A—A review. Molecular Medicine. 2018;**24**(1):46. DOI: 10.1186/

Genomics. 1994;**19**(2):228-235

[16] Uhlar CM, Burgess CJ, Sharp PM, Whitehead AS. Evolution of the serum amyloid A (SAA) protein superfamily.

[17] Kluve-Beckerman B, Drumm ML, Benson MD. Nonexpression of the human serum amyloid A three (SAA3) gene. DNA and Cell Biology.

Amyloid. 2012;**19**(1):5-14

cytogfr.2015.12.010

s10020-018-0047-0

1991;**10**(9):651-661

2005;**16**(Suppl 1):S78-S82

1973;**138**(2):373-380

**References**

1974;**53**(4):1054-1061

1975;**55**(4):746-753

1976;**116**(5):1415-1418

1982;**389**:39-48

2000;**7**(1):64-69

[4] Rosenthal CJ, Franklin EC, Frangione B, Greenspan J. Isolation and partial characterization of SAA-an amyloid-related protein from human serum. Journal of Immunology.

[5] Kushner I. The phenomenon of the acute phase response. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[6] Gabay C, Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999;**340**(6):448-454

[7] Urieli-Shoval S, Linke RP, Matzner Y. Expression and function of serum amyloid A, a major acute-phase protein, in normal and disease states. Current Opinion in Hematology.

[8] Dalla Vestra M, Mussap M, Gallina P, Bruseghin M, Cernigoi AM, Saller A, et al. Acute-phase markers of inflammation and glomerular structure in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal

[2] Husby G, Natvig JB. A serum component related to

nonimmunoglobulin amyloid protein AS, a possible precursor of the fibrils. The Journal of Clinical Investigation.

[3] Rosenthal CJ, Franklin EC. Variation with age and disease of an amyloid A protein-related serum component. The Journal of Clinical Investigation.

*Serum Amyloid A and Immunomodulation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81617*
