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## Meet the editors

Liliana Streba, MD, PhD, Teaching Assistant at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, is a member of the Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Craiova, as well as the Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, within the same university. Her research focus is on gastric malignancies and advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, having a double specialty in internal medicine and medical oncol-

ogy. She has gained significant experience in pathology and microscopic diagnosis through doctoral studies and postdoctoral research activities. She has coauthored several book chapters on innovative endoscopic techniques and all significant research articles revolve around digestive cancer diagnosis and management.

Dan Ionut Gheonea, MD, PhD, MSc, Professor at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova and active member of the Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Craiova (www.umfcv.ro/ccgh), is involved in the development of most of the laboratories and new techniques implemented at the university. He initiated and participated in the writing of more than 30 grant proposals. As team leader of the Elastography and Virtual

Intelligence Laboratory, he developed these techniques at a national level, being invited many times as an expert to lecture on national specific meetings. He has published and communicated more than 100 papers in Romania and abroad, several of them in high-impact publications.

Michael Schenker, MD PhD, Lecturer at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, has a vast experience in conducting and promoting oncological research. He has participated in numerous research projects as team coordinator in oncology and published results in high-impact journals. His involvement in multiple large-scale multicenter trials has resulted in presented abstracts at all major oncology scientific meetings worldwide. His

research interests are oncological treatment, novel therapeutic methods, and recent advancements in cancer diagnosis and management.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Aida Karachi*

*by Michelle Marie Fillion*

Potential Therapeutic Candidates

Ovarian Carcinoma *by Hulya Yazici*

**Section 2**

Colon Cancer

**Section 3**

Zebrafish (*Danio rerio*) as a Model Organism

Immunotherapy for Treatment of Cancer

Advances in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

*by Andrea I. Loaiza Perez and Tracey D. Bradshaw*

*by Mehmet Ali Koc, Suleyman Utku Celik and Cihangir Akyol*

*by Farmanur Rahman Khan and Saleh Sulaiman Alhewairini*

**Preface III**

Novel Approaches to Cancer Management **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 19**

Digestive Cancers **39**

**Chapter 3 41**

**Chapter 4 55**

Urogenital Cancers **81**

**Chapter 5 83**

**Chapter 6 107**

Exploring New Molecular Targets in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and Antitumor Benzothiazole Ligands as

Functions of miRNAs in the Development, Diagnosis, and Treatment of

## Contents



Preface

An early diagnosis, doubled by a comprehensive check-up and a correct choice of treatment, followed by an appropriate follow-up schedule, currently set apart successful management from failure when it comes to dealing with cancer. Although the development of new molecules constantly opens potential pathways to managing malignancies, the overall incidence and mortality rates continue to rise

It is important to acknowledge the shifting tendencies, emerging endemic areas, and new at-risk populations in today's rapidly evolving societies. From constant exposure to stress, poor dietary and lifestyle choices, and exposure to new and more insidious polluting factors, many new challenges continue to influence the potential benefits of novel therapies. A precarious balance governs modern oncology, with the patient in the middle of this "silent war" constantly fought by medical professionals, assisted by novel tools provided by researchers from all areas

Novel surgical methods, robotic procedures, and minimally invasive techniques based on newly developed devices will minimize the risk of patients, along with decreased hospitalization times, fewer consumed resources, and better economic impact. After-treatment reintegration of patients will significantly influence the

The impact of chemotherapy is further potentiated by novel lines of biological, hormonal, immunotherapeutic, and targeted medications. A more personalized type of approach is supported by recent discoveries in the fields of genetics and

The potential of bioinformatics, with the aid of large-scale data analysis, artificial intelligence, and similar computer-assisted tools, will become increasingly signifi-

Cancer awareness is important; the rigors of regular check-ups, starting with primary medicine and continuing in specialized centers, are the cornerstones of success stories. The successful collaboration between the poles of excellence in cancer diagnostics that exist in each country and region, their integration with primary and secondary centers, as well as the strong link with the academic world and industry researchers, will unquestionably represent the vector of success

All these aspects require constant attention from the academic world, and the collection of interesting and diverse chapters presented within this volume will hopefully raise awareness towards interesting and novel topics. Information is being delivered faster than ever towards both medical professionals and the general

worldwide.

of science.

global economy in the long term.

molecular biology.

against cancer.

cant in the coming years.
