Contents

### **Preface XI**


**X** Contents


Chapter 10 **The Wound Healing Responses and Corneal Biomechanics after Keratorefractive Surgery 181** Wenjing Wu and Yan Wang

Preface

the original tissue.

Wound healing and its treatment are subjects that have been discussed for centuries in the medical literature. Wounds are everywhere, occurring in the young and elderly and in hos‐ pital and at home, and affect patients in every clinical specialty around the world. With an improved understanding of the wound healing process, regenerative treatments have been developed. In the historical process, the pathophysiology of wound healing was better un‐ derstood, especially with advances in cellular and molecular techniques. The factors affect‐ ing wound healing are: size, site, and shape of the wound, injury method, agents used and recurring trauma, foreign objects, hematoma or seroma, heat, amount of oxygen, smoking,

In the chapter by Fernando Pereira Beserra et al., the authors review the pathway in the skin healing cascade, relating the major chemical inflammatory mediators, cellular and molecular. Local and systemic factors that interfere with healing and disorders associated with tissue repair deficiency in chronic inflammations, burns, and hypertrophy are also demonstrated. In the third chapter by Christian Agyare et al., biomarkers are discussed relevant to the wound healing process. Non-healing wounds are also identified, where biomarker-guided approaches may be of clinical importance in their management. The fourth chapter by Mo‐ hammad Reza Farahpour examines medicinal plants in wound healing and shows wound healing effects by different mechanisms, such as modulation in wound healing, decreasing bacterial count, improving collagen deposition, increasing fibroblasts and fibrocytes, etc.

The fifth chapter by Victor Y. A. Barku deals with plant secondary metabolite antioxidants and briefly reviews antioxidant properties of medicinal plants to highlight the important roles medicinal plants play in wound healing. The sixth chapter by Juin-Hong Cherng dis‐ cusses the detailed mechanisms and efficacy of natural polysaccharides in accelerating the wound healing process, thereby encouraging the advanced strategies for future wound management. The seventh chapter by Aragona Salvatore Emanuele et al. provides an inter‐ esting overview of wound healing: from tissue repair to tissue regeneration. They define wound repair as the incomplete regeneration of the original tissue with hyperproduction of organized collagen, which can lead to the production of new tissue with an 80% similarity to

The eighth chapter by Diego Caicedo and Jesús Devesa focuses on a large amount of experi‐ mental and clinical evidence on the action of growth hormones in wound repair and ana‐ lyzes how the physiological rhythm of growth hormone secretion influences this process. It also looks at one of the most important signaling pathways that mediates the effects of growth hormones on tissue regeneration. The ninth chapter by Peter A. Everts deals with both platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cell applications. These have the potential

infection, nutritional factors, medicines, radiotherapy, and systemic diseases.

