Meet the editor

Dr Shahin Aghaei graduated from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, in 2004. He was awarded a Fellowship of ISD Dermatopathology from Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, in 2008, and a Fellowship of Dermatologic Surgery from the Medical University of Graz, Austria, in 2010. He is currently editor-in-chief of the *Journal of Surgical Dermatology*  (Singapore) and an associate professor of Dermatology and

Dermatologic Surgery at School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Contents

*by Shahin Aghaei*

Introductory Chapter: Psoriasis as a Whole

*by Meda Sandra Orasan, Iulia Ioana Roman and Andrei Coneac*

Evaluation of Psoriasis Patients

and Treatment of Nail Psoriasis

*by Yesim Akpinar Kara*

Psoriasis

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 11**

**Chapter 3 39**

**Chapter 4 55** The Use of Phototherapy in Treatment of Geographic Tongue in Patients with

**Chapter 5 63**

The Etiology, Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, Clinical Findings,

*by Fernanda Mombrini Pigatti, Fabiana de Freitas Bombarda-Nunes,* 

Skin Adverse Reactions Related to TNF Alpha Inhibitors: Classification

*by Karolina Vorčáková, Tatiana Péčová, Klára Martinásková,* 

*Lucas Fernandes Leal and Thays Teixeira de Souza*

and Therapeutic Approach in Psoriatic Patients

*Katarína Nováčeková and Juraj Péč*

## Contents


Preface

Psoriasis is a non-contagious, chronic, recurring, multifactorial, and inflammatory skin disease due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis layer and an

The cause of psoriasis is still unknown, though exposure to definite agents (throat streptococcal infection), smoking, alcohol consumption, certain medicines (e.g., lithium), and local irritation or injury to the skin may be risk factors for persons

Psoriasis symptoms can vary extensively from mild rashes of which the person may not even be aware, to severe situations that can be publically restricting. The skin of the elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral areas, intergluteal clefts, glans penis, and the nails are the most common sites affected. The joints are also affected in up to

Treatment consists of various modalities used locally on the skin and taken by mouth. The choice of therapy depends on the patient's age, state of health, surface areas of involvement, body sites affected, the presence or absence of arthritis, the thickness of the plaques and scale, and severity of redness and itching. This book gathers and presents information on targeted treatments of psoriasis and contains

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is thought to onset as a result of environmental and immunological interaction. It may manifest in different clinical features and severities. Clinical type of the disease could be an important factor in determining the therapy schedule. This chapter outlines the clinical types of psoriasis, differential diagnosis, and summary of treatment modalities.

This chapter outlines the role of hormones (sex hormones, prolactin, and thyroid hormones) in psoriasis pathogenesis and evolution. The chapter indicates the clinical approaches recommended in practice: a detailed medical history (including prior exposure to treatments and evaluation of comedication), a thorough physical examination (with the completion of specific severities and quality-of-life scales), laboratory investigations, and screening for malignancies (including lymphoma and skin cancer) or infection (tuberculosis and Crohn's disease). European guidelines encourage the dermatologist to check for hypersensitivity; metabolic, gastro-intestinal, and renal disorders; and the need for vaccines and contraception.

genetically predisposed to the disease. Anxiety can also initiate it.

**1. Introductory Chapter: Psoriasis as a Whole**

**2. Evaluation of Psoriasis Patients**

increase in cellular turnover ratio.

one-third of patients.

five chapters.
