**Author details**

Keith Conti1 , Vikas Yellapu2 \*, Joan Sweeney3 , Steven M. Falowski4 and Stanislaw P. Stawicki<sup>2</sup>

1 Medical School of Temple University/St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA

2 Department of Research and Innovation, St. Luke's University Health Network, EW-2 Research Administration, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA

3 Center for Neurosciences, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA

4 Department of Neurosurgery, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA

\*Address all correspondence to: vikas.yellapu@sluhn.org

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**123**

*Spinal Shock: Differentiation from Neurogenic Shock and Key Management Approaches*

classification. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

[12] Murray M, Goldberger ME. Restitution of function and collateral sprouting in the cat spinal cord: The partially hemisected animal. Journal of Comparative Neurology.

[11] Goldberger ME, Murray M. Patterns of sprouting and implications for recovery of function. Advances in Neurology. 1988;**47**:361-385

[13] Pierrot-Deseilligny E, David B. The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord: Spinal and Corticospinal Mechanisms of Movement. Cambridge: Cambridge

[14] Murofushi T, Kimitaka K. Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential: Its Basics and Clinical Applications. Tokoyo: Springer Science & Business Media;

[15] Boyle R, Goldberg J, Highstein S. Inputs from regularly and irregularly discharging vestibular nerve afferents to secondary neurons in squirrel monkey vestibular nuclei. III. Correlation with vestibulospinal and vestibuloocular

Neurophysiology. 1992;**68**(2):471-484

[16] Gacek RR. Neuroanatomical correlates of vestibular function. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1980;**89**(1):2-5

[17] Stack B, Sims A, et al. Cranio.

[18] Konrad HR, Girardi M, Helfert R. Balance and aging. The Laryngoscope.

[19] Matsuyama K et al. Locomotor role of the corticoreticular–reticulospinal– spinal interneuronal system. In:

2009;**27**(4):248-260

1999;**109**(9):1454-1460

output pathways. Journal of

2007;**88**(3):S49-S54

1974;**158**(1):19-36

University Press; 2012

2009

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92026*

[1] Levine DN. "Sherrington's" the integrative action of the nervous system: A centennial appraisal. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. New York.

[2] Hall M. A synopsis of the diastaltic nervous system: Being the Croonian Lectures, delivered at the Royal College of Physicians. The Lancet.

2007;**253(**1-2):1-6

**References**

1850;**55**(1392):521-522

Cord. 2004;**42**(7):383

[3] Ditunno J et al. Spinal shock revisited: A four-phase model. Spinal

[4] Illis LS. Clinical evaluation and pathophysiology of the spinal cord in the chronic phase. In: Spinal Cord Dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press; 1988. pp. 107-128

[5] Lee B et al. The global map for traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology: Update 2011, global incidence rate. Spinal Cord.

[6] Ziu E, Mesfin FB. Spinal Shock.

[7] DeVivo MJ et al. Comparison of statistical methods for calculating life expectancy after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2018;**56**(7):666-667

[8] Mitchell R et al. Health outcomes and costs of acute traumatic spinal injury in New South Wales, Australia. The Spine

StatPearls Publishing; 2019

Journal. 2018;**18**(7):1172-1179

2019;**100**(1):95-100

[9] Hall OT et al. The burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States: Disability-adjusted life years. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

[10] Ho CH et al. Spinal cord injury medicine. 1. Epidemiology and

2014;**52**(2):110

*Spinal Shock: Differentiation from Neurogenic Shock and Key Management Approaches DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92026*
