**4.2 Comorbidities**

The diabetes, nephrocalcinosis and azotaemia (chronic kidney disease) are related to the increased incidence of urosepsis. van Nieuwkoop et al. reported an association between comorbid disease and urosepsis, where diabetes was significantly associated with an 80% increased risk for urosepsis. In diabetic patients, poor glycaemic control, autonomic neuropathy, higher urinary glucose, immune dysfunction and diabetic microangiopathy facilitate bacterial adherence to uroepithelium [15].
