**4.6 Urosurgical interventions**

Trauma of urological intervention either diagnostic or therapeutic in the presence of bacteria can lead to the development of urosepsis. Common urological interventions are prostate biopsies, stone interventions and transurethral prostate resections. Urosepsis rate after these surgical interventions are transurethral resection of prostate up to 4% [17] trans rectal prostate biopsies up to 0.8% [18] lithotripsy: 1% [19] ureterostomy for stone treatment up to 9% patients will have severe sepsis [20] percutaneous kidney stone surgery up to 7% will develop sepsis [21] and up to 8% endoscopic urethrotomy patients develops sepsis [22] (**Table 2**).
