**4.5 Voiding disabilities**

Traumatic spinal injuries, cerebrovascular accidents, neurogenic bladder, cystocele and vesicoureteral reflux due to various aetiologies, either trauma or congenital, lead to increased usage of urinary catheterization and ultimately increased incidence of urosepsis. Urosepsis risks are multiplied due to indwelling long-term catheters and the spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Richards et al. showed that 23% of all cases of hospital-acquired sepsis were due to UTI and mostly seen in catheterized patients [16].

**5.2 Urine culture**

*Urosepsis: Flow is Life*

**5.3 Blood culture**

**5.4 Imaging studies**

and complications.

*5.4.2 Ultrasound scan*

**Figure 1.**

**181**

*Renal USG showing calculi.*

*5.4.3 CT scan and MRI abdomen*

sematous pyelonephritis [12] (**Figure 1**).

*5.4.1 Abdominal radiography*

reflux nephropathy and papillary necrosis.

Urinary culture and sensitivity are important not only in the diagnosis but also equally important in the management of urosepsis. The culture should be done within hours or persevered properly. A positive culture is highly diagnostic, and

As significant number of urosepsis patients had Gram-negative bacteraemia,

Imaging studies will help in diagnosing renal calculi as well as urosepsis aetiology

Abdominal radiography has a limited value; it shows the presence and extent of calcification and calculi within the renal system. It is of help in monitoring change in position and increase in size or number of renal stones. Intravenous urography gives the anatomical details of the urinary system. It also helps in the diagnosis of

Ultrasound is routinely performed in emergency department. It helps in the diagnosis of renal stone, prostate and bladder pathologies. It is one of the common

These modalities of imaging studies will accurately diagnose microabscesses in

nephritis, renal microabscesses, perinephric abscesses, hydronephrosis and emphy-

imaging studies for the patients presenting to emergency with loin pain.

the kidney and other genital organs. It will accurately diagnose the bacterial

negative culture will rule out the urinary infections.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82262*

which correspond to the severe sepsis and septic shock.
