−p < 0.05 in between the indices in the 2nd and 3rd phases.

The reactivity of all indicators in regulated breathing significantly changed in the III phase compared with the 1st and 2nd phases. No changes occurred in the significance of ATs in all

**Table 2.** Indicators of central hemodynamics at regulated respiration (6 times/min) in different phases of the biological cycle.

p-5 1558 ± 71 1458 ± 90\* 1591 ± 62#

p-5 1569 ± 91 1418 ± 72 1638 ± 82#

**Table 1.** Indicators of central hemodynamics are at rest lying in different phases of the biological cycle of women.

**І ІІ ІІІ**

**І ІІ ІІІ**

APs, mm Hg. Art. 98.28 ± 1.46 97.81 ± 1.50 99.37 ± 1.82# APd, mm Hg. Art. 63.59 ± 0.9 63.90 ± 0.86 66.87 ± 1.34# APm, mm Hg. Art. 75.15 ± 0.9 75.20 ± 0.95 77.70 ± 1.34# BS 22.75 ± 0.85 22.29 ± 0.85 22.57 ± 0.85

APs, mm Hg. Art. 98.1 3 ± 1.43 99.22 ± 1.54 101.41 ± 1.87\* APd, mm Hg. Art. 64.38 ± 1.14 65.31 ± 1.05 66.88 ± 1.47 APm, mm Hg. Art. 75.63 ± 1.17 76.61 ± 1.02 78.39 ± 1.48\* т-R-R, ms 801 ± 15.6 784 ± 17.3 803 ± 17.9 SOK, ml 54.96 ± 2.12 58.15 ± 2.93 54.50 ± 2.29 СІ, ms 3260 ± 106 3109 ± 87 3304 ± 128

MVB, ml/min 4051 ± 157 4304 ± 202\* 4042 ± 149# Heart rate ubs/min 75.13 ± 1,29 77.42 ± 1,65\* 76.33 ± 1.52 СІ, ml 2542 ± 99 2699 ± 127\* 2533 ± 92 R-R, ms 805 ± 13 785 ± 16\* 796 ± 16

Thus, the major changes in the state of central hemodynamics in the rest of the lying were observed in the luteal phase of the OMC, which disappeared in various loads on the body

The cardiovascular system of the human body is one of the most important physiological systems, in the functioning of which involved rhythmic processes that interact with each other.

phases, but SI significantly changed in the 3rd phase.

−p < 0.05 in comparison with indicators in phase I.

−p < 0.05 in between the indices in the 2nd and 3rd phases.

**Indicator Phases of the cycle**

−p < 0.05 in between the indices in the 2nd and 3rd phases.

−p < 0.05 in comparison with indicators in phase I.

**Indicator Phases of the cycle**

ZPO, din\*

ZPO, din\*

\*

#

cm−1 \*

16 Highlights on Hemodynamics

\*

#

cm−1 \*

(respiration 6 times/min, orthopedic, and psychoemotional load).

The most important of these is the main cardiac rhythm and breathing.

**Table 3.** Indices of the variability of the heart rate at regulated respiration (6 times/min) in different phases of the biological cycle.


According to Princi with singing, the total power of the spectrum and its high frequency part

Functioning of the Cardiovascular System of Women in Different Phases of the Ovarian…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79633

19

Leicht et al. noted a high heart rate in the ovulation phase at a constant level of all endogenous hormones, and even the variability of the heart rate was the same in different phases of the cycle. However, they identified the correlation between the level of estrogen and the absolute expression of HRV in ovulation. The correlations found between the peak of estrogen and

Tanaka et al. (2003) believe that the cardiovascular reflex may be damaged depending on the level of estradiol Guasti (1999) studying autonomic function in the normal ovulatory cycle and evaluating HRV sensitivity of baroreceptors in healthy women. They found increased sympathetic activity in the second phase of the cycle. This gave reason to speak of different

Investigating the state of hemodynamics and HRV in the studied group of women in different conditions, it was found that the nature of the distribution of spectral power in different phases of the CMC is significantly different. At rest, the phase I is characterized by one peak at a frequency of 0.1 Hz, and for II and III phases, there are two peaks that can have different mechanisms of origin [47]. Moreover, in the third phase, the wave at frequency 0.08 Hz, which according to the experimental data characterize the functioning of the baroreflex [22], is most pronounced. These results largely coincide with the conclusions of many authors that HRV is

Princi [47] indicate that cardiointerval analysis is more appropriate to determine the slight variations in the VNS activity during the menstrual cycle than the use of traditional indicators such as heart rate and arterial pressure. It should be noted that the phase of the ovarian cycle can significantly affect the HRV in women of reproductive age, both at rest and in psycho-emotional stress (features of the cardiovascular system in different phases of the menstrual cycle) [28]. In our study, we found that during the neurodynamic load, significant adaptive changes in vegetative regulation in the follicular phase were observed, while the lowest reactivity and inhibition of the functional state of the organism were characteristic of the luteal phase of the CMC. In this case, in the conditions of a 10-minute neurodynamic test in the feedback mode using the method MV Makarenko, the number of processed signals was significantly higher in phase I (1533 [1309, 1642] signal) compared with II and III ([1438 [1219, 1573] signal) phases (p < 0.05). We believe that such changes in mental performance are due to changes in the hormonal status in the body of women. We also found that in the first phase, the difference between the ratio of correct answers of the right (52 [50, 54]%) and the left (48 [46, 50]%) hands was highly reliable (p < 0.01), while in ІІ and ІІІ phases was leveled (p < 0.501 and 0.223, respectively). Such a pattern indicates the possibility of changes in the degree of

However, the study by Grossman et al. [45] found no differences in the parameters of the wave structure of arterial pressure and heart rate when performing orthopedic and stimulat-

In a study by Lawrence et al., studies, for 10 completely healthy women, it was found that spontaneous baroreflectory sensitivity increases during the luteal phase compared to the fol-

increased in the folliculin phase and decreased during the luteal phase.

baro-reflex sensitivity in different phases of the cycle.

a genetically determined characteristic of a human body [9].

domination of the cerebral hemispheres during the menstrual cycle.

ing carotid sinus in women in different phases of the CMC.

licular phase.

HRV are attributed to the cardioprotective effect of hormones in healthy women.

\* −p < 0.05 in comparison with indicators in phase I.
