Preface

Hemodynamics is an essential link between cardiovascular anatomy and cardiovascular physiology. Clear understanding of the physical factors that govern blood movement in the cardiovascular system is a necessary prerequisite for clinical medicine. Yet, the complexity and the unique character of the human body and the changes that occur during various pathological states make this task extremely difficult.

Thus, it is not a surprise that almost six centuries after Leonardo da Vinci's first hemody‐ namic observations, the interest and research about hemodynamics are continuing to grow.

We have moved from simple macroscopic observations to computational modeling, func‐ tional hemodynamic monitoring and the relation of hemodynamics and hemorheology. Current research of pathophysiological changes at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels "unlocks" new knowledge every day.

Within this frame, the current book published by InTechOpen® focuses on hemodynamic issues of special interest. The authors offer the readers not only a "vigorous" review of the current literature but also a research direction full of promises for further advancement.

> **Dr. Theodoros Aslanidis** Intensive Care Unit St. Paul General Hospital of Thessaloniki Greece

**Section 1**

**Introduction**

**Section 1**
