**2. Methods**

Seventy seven women aged 18–19 were tested under the conditioned close to the state of basal metabolism in the prone position, at tilt test, and during the test of psychic-emotional stress (Makarenko) [54]. As a mental load, we used a 10-minute test to determine the performance of the brain in the feedback mode by the method of prof. M.V. Makarenko using the Diagnostic-1 system. Each woman was tested three times: in follicular phase (I), ovulation (II), and luteal phase (III) of ovarian-menstrual cycle. Cycle phases were determined according to anamnesis, taking basal body temperature, and using a set of inkjet ovulation tests "Solo" (IND Diagnostic, Inc., Canada).

that there were certain differences in the logRSA fluctuations during the menstrual cycle,

According to Weisman, there are significant changes in both the wave structure of the cardiac rhythm and its reactivity to the burden on women in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. So, normally in this period, the power of OT components increases, often the synchronization of respiratory and baroreflector waves is observed. In pathological development of pregnancy,

The variability of the cardiac rhythm during the physiological course of pregnancy is reduced, which indicates an increase in the activity of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system [21, 53]. In women with gestosis, HRV is more pronounced. Revealed by scientists, the facts of changes in HRV with other hypertensive states in pregnant women, as well as in normal and complicated childbirth are few and controversial. The emphasis is placed on the prospect of further study of sympathetic activity in relation to changes in HRV in pregnant and childbearing, as well as on the need for widespread introduction of cardioin-

The process of reproduction in humans regulates complex neuroendocrine mechanisms, so the normal functioning of the reproductive system is possible only with the integrated control of the nervous and humoral signals. One of the manifestations of complex changes in the body of a woman is the menstrual cycle: cyclic changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries; cyclic changes in the target organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and mammary glands); cyclic changes in the endocrine, nervous, and other systems of the organism. The most pronounced changes occur in the ovaries (ripening of the follicles, ovulation, and development of the yellow body) and the uterus (desquamation of the endometrium is actually menstruation, regeneration and proliferation of the functional layer, secretory changes in it, and again desquamation). Due to these changes, the reproductive function of the woman is carried out: ovulation, fertilization, implantation, and development of the embryo in the uterus. If implantation does not occur, pregnancy does not occur, and the functional layer of the endometrium is exfoliated, from the genital tract, there is a spotting (menstruation). The appearance of menstrual discharge indicates the completion of cyclical changes in the body and the absence of pregnancy. The main symptom of normal functioning of the reproductive system of a woman is a normal menstrual cycle. This biorhythm is genetically determined in a healthy woman, and it is stable throughout the generative age according to its parameters.

Seventy seven women aged 18–19 were tested under the conditioned close to the state of basal metabolism in the prone position, at tilt test, and during the test of psychic-emotional stress (Makarenko) [54]. As a mental load, we used a 10-minute test to determine the performance of the brain in the feedback mode by the method of prof. M.V. Makarenko using the Diagnostic-1 system. Each woman was tested three times: in follicular phase (I), ovulation (II), and luteal phase (III) of ovarian-menstrual cycle. Cycle phases were determined according

which were related to the average NSC indexes.

there is an inversion of such regulatory relations.

tervalography in obstetrics.

12 Highlights on Hemodynamics

**2. Methods**

The main method for determining the phases of the CMC was the collection of anamnesis. Using the test-microscope "Arbor" in the studied group of students examined the presence of ovulation by the nature of the crystallization of saliva. The method is based on the fact that during ovulation, when the concentration of estrogen in the blood of a woman becomes maximal, in saliva, the concentration of salts increases, which is manifested in the maximum crystallization of saliva. Thus, a graphic image on a glass under a microscope was called a "leaf of ferns" (**Figure 1**).

Confirmation of reliability of phase change of the cycle (selectively) was carried out by means of ultrasound diagnostics, the apparatus, HDI 1500, as well as the set of jet tests SoloTM (company "Pharmaco", the registration certificate of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine NO 1856/2003 of 16.05.2008, the international certificate of quality ISO 9001/ISO 13485, and Manufacturer of IND Canada) to determine the ovulation.

The confirmation of the MC phase was also carried out using the technique of basal body temperature measurement Krupko-Bolshova (1986). During the ripening of the egg in the follicular phase of the cycle, against the background of increased estrogen BBT is low (36–37°C), after ovulation, in the lutein phase, begins the temperature increase (37.2–38°C), which is due to the low estrogen levels in the background of increased progesterone in the blood of women.

BBT was measured every morning, at the same time, from 600 to 800 hours (depending on the time of year), not getting out of bed for 5 minutes, mercury thermometer in the rectum at a depth of about 5 cm. Rozultaty entered into the table: date, day of the cycle, BT, and special circumstances.

The difference between the mean values of the second and first phase of the CTD can be 0.5–0.8°C, but it should not be less than 0.4–0.50°C. This is evidence of the normal course of CMC. If during the whole cycle the temperature on the graph is kept, for example, on the same level, or the graph looks like "tyna" (when the low temperature constantly changes high), rather than biphasic, this is due to the fact that ovulation was not (**Figure 2**).

**Figure 1.** Photo of smear of saliva of student L. (during ovulation).

The method of impedance reopeltysmography was used to calculate cardiac output [57], asso-

Functioning of the Cardiovascular System of Women in Different Phases of the Ovarian…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79633

15

Signals of differentiated ECG and rheograms were fixed with the aid of a biopower RA-5-01 (Kyiv Research Institute of Radio-measuring Equipment). The spring electrodes of rheograms

The pnevmogram signal was obtained from a piezoelectric sensor placed directly in front of

All these signals were "digitized" through an analog-to-digital converter ADC-1280 (Holit Data Systems, Kiev) with a sampling rate of 860 times per second. The digital signals were stored on the hard disk of the computer for further processing. To analyze signals, identify

Due to the abnormality of the value distribution of oscillation power of haemodynamic indicators, their medians, the limits of 25 and 75 percentile were found; the average values and their errors for AP indicators distributed normally were determined. The reliability of differences between values in different OMC phases was estimated by means of Wilcoxon paired comparison and Student's t-test. The relationship between indicators was calculated by the

It was established that in the state of rest in women significant differences between the indices of central hemodynamics, which were analyzed depending on the phases of the CMC, were mostly not observed. However, differences were available at the levels of ATs, ATSer, and ZPO. Changes in these indices were observed in the III phase of the OC (p < 0.05) in comparison with the I and

With regulated breathing 6 times/min, we observe the natural increase of practically all indicators in the III phase (p < 0.05) in comparison with the І and ІІ phases, except for clinical

When moving to a vertical position in all conditions, there is a natural decrease (p < 0.001) of

Reactivity of blood pressure indicators depended on the OC phase. Thus, in the 1st and 2nd phases, there was a probable increase in ATs, ATD, ATSer, and in III, changes were not statistically significant. This led to the fact that the differences in the levels of ATs and ATSer between the phases of the OC are at rest lying leveling, and there were differences for t-RR between III

II phases (**Table 1**), which is consistent with the results of many authors' studies.

and I and II phases (676 ± 17, 641 ± 16, 634 ± 11 ms, p < 0.05, respectively).

ciated with it indicators of relative blood flow to the body of the chest.

the subject (nostrils of the nose).

**4. Statistical methods**

**5. Results**

nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficient.

symptoms, heart rate, СI, and R-R.

t-R-R, SI, SOC, and increase in LPA (**Table 2**).

were standardized [10]. The frequency of the reagent's probe signal was 70 kHz.

critical points on them, and export them to spreadsheets, Bioscan [10] was used.

**Figure 2.** In the middle of the chart changes in basal body temperature in a normal ovarian-menstrual cycle (dashed line) and an anulatory (solid line).
