**5. Results**

**3. Analytical methods**

and an anulatory (solid line).

14 Highlights on Hemodynamics

during 5 minutes.

Systolic and diastolic AP (АPs and АPd, respectively) were measured with Korotkov auscultation method by mercury tonometer ("Riester", Germany). Mean arterial pressure (APm) was calculated with Hickam formula; blood struck volume (BSV) with Kubichek formula [55] by the signals of differentiated impedance rheogram by all the realizations (beat-to-beat)

**Figure 2.** In the middle of the chart changes in basal body temperature in a normal ovarian-menstrual cycle (dashed line)

With the help of a rheographer and pneumograph, only cardiointervalograms and pnevmograms were recorded. Cardiointervalograms were recorded using Caspico [56] in MS DOS mode. For this, a cardiac sensor T31 (Polar Electro OU, Finland) was applied to the thoracic cell, which formed 8 ms pulses at the top of the QRS complex. These impulses were telemetrically perceived by the pulse meter A1 and, together with the pnevmogram signal, were transmitted to a 5 kV galvanic switch comparator, which closed the contacts on the LPT port of the computer. The program scanned the device with a frequency of 1000 times per second. The power of R-R and BSV oscillations spectrum was calculated in standard frequency ranges of very low frequencies of 0–0.04 Hz (VLF), low frequencies of 0.04–0.15 Hz (LF), high frequencies of 0.15–0.4 Hz (HF), general oscillation power of 0–0.4 Hz (TP), and normalized power in the range of 0.15–0.4 Hz (HFnorm). Besides, spectral and cross-spectral density and the frequency of the highest amplitude oscillation peak of t-R-R and BSV in the LF range were estimated in the prone position at rest for 5 minute records, at tilt test from the 2nd till the 5th

minute and in psycho-emotional test from the 3rd till 7th minute [10].

It was established that in the state of rest in women significant differences between the indices of central hemodynamics, which were analyzed depending on the phases of the CMC, were mostly not observed. However, differences were available at the levels of ATs, ATSer, and ZPO. Changes in these indices were observed in the III phase of the OC (p < 0.05) in comparison with the I and II phases (**Table 1**), which is consistent with the results of many authors' studies.

With regulated breathing 6 times/min, we observe the natural increase of practically all indicators in the III phase (p < 0.05) in comparison with the І and ІІ phases, except for clinical symptoms, heart rate, СI, and R-R.

When moving to a vertical position in all conditions, there is a natural decrease (p < 0.001) of t-R-R, SI, SOC, and increase in LPA (**Table 2**).

Reactivity of blood pressure indicators depended on the OC phase. Thus, in the 1st and 2nd phases, there was a probable increase in ATs, ATD, ATSer, and in III, changes were not statistically significant. This led to the fact that the differences in the levels of ATs and ATSer between the phases of the OC are at rest lying leveling, and there were differences for t-RR between III and I and II phases (676 ± 17, 641 ± 16, 634 ± 11 ms, p < 0.05, respectively).

#### 16 Highlights on Hemodynamics


When analyzing the parameters of the wave structure of the heart rate at rest, it was found that significant differences between their levels, depending on the phase of the OC, were largely absent. The exception is higher values of HFnorm in the III phase of the OC compared with II (65.4 [54.8, 75.0] and 55.4 [42.6, 68.9]%, respectively) and less aLF (11,533 [5449, 23,958] and

sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (VNS) in the follicular and luteal phases. During orthogonal testing, there were significant changes in the wave structure of the cardiac rhythm that had certain features in different phases of the CMC. Thus, the level of VLF did

the 2nd phase. Significantly (p < 0.001) in all phases, HF, HFnorm, and TP decreased. Similar changes are the characteristic for this type of load and consist in increasing the tone of the

Under conditions of regulated breathing, minor changes in heart rhythm values were observed. Thus, the value of VLF changed in the second phase, and LF in the third phase is devastating with the I and II phases. The value of a LF showed significant changes in all phases (**Table 3**). At a psychoemotional load, VLF did not change, LF was likely to decrease from 2.0 [1.1, 4.3]

The analysis of the cardiac rhythm reactivity in orthostatic conditions (**Table 4**) showed that in the luteal phase, an increase in the power of low frequency waves of heart rate was observed, which was significantly higher than the amplitude of their decrease in the ovulatory phase. Also, in the 3rd phase, there was a significant increase in the maximum peak in the frequency

In regulated breathing, the changes in all phases were in VLF, aLF, and TPover. Insignificant

It is noteworthy that the greatest deviation of the values of reactivity to the load is typical for indicators that characterize the frequency range of oscillations R-R from 0.04 to 0.15 Hz.

**І ІІ ІІІ** VLF, мs<sup>2</sup> 9.33 [6.44; 12.49] 6.65 [3.48; 13.56]\* 6.84 [3.47; 11.19] LF, мs<sup>2</sup> 33.11 [13.48; 43.05] 38.36 [18.76; 57.03]\* 42.09 [20.9; 59.79]# HF, мс<sup>2</sup> 18.9 [10.9; 35.32] 20.9 [13.83; 33.71]\* 21.98 [14.36; 33.05]

/Гц 23.61 [8.53; 57.74] 39.19 [17.80; 63.68]\* 32.28 [15.23; 83.52]#

**Table 3.** Indices of the variability of the heart rate at regulated respiration (6 times/min) in different phases of the

HFnorm, % 40.82 [28.74; 52.61] 36.68 [26.36; 49.77]\* 36.01 [23.04; 47.87] TPover, мs<sup>2</sup> 62.87 [48.09; 98.42] 62.98 [46.90; 103.43] 70.24 [48.9; 103.33]#

not change, LF probably (p < 0.05) decreased from 670 [273, 974] to 459 [276, 689] ms2

\*Hz-1, respectively), indicating a higher level of activation of the para-

Functioning of the Cardiovascular System of Women in Different Phases of the Ovarian…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79633

only in the 2nd phase (p < 0.05). Significantly (p < 0.001) in all phases, HF

only in

17

17,224 [9769, 26,508] ms2

to 3.4 [1.8, 5.7] ms2

and aLF increased.

range of 0.04–0.15 Hz (60.8%).

in HF and HFnorm (**Table 5**).

**Indicator Phases of the cycle**

−p < 0.05 in comparison with indicators in phase I.

−p < 0.05 in between the indices in the 2nd and 3rd phases.

aLF, мs<sup>2</sup>

biological cycle.

\*

#

sympathetic link of the CNS [17, 58, 59].

\* −p < 0.05 in comparison with indicators in phase I.
