**5.2 VD pleiotropy after kidney transplantation**

The graft survival at the tenth year after KT is significantly lower than the survival during the first 12 months. The explanation for these unsatisfactory results is poorer patient survival due to neoplasia, CVD, NODAT, calcineurin toxicity. It could be hypothesized that VD can improve graft and patient survival due to its pleiotropy. However, the trials in KTRs are small in number and in size, thus further research in this sphere is warranted.
