**Abbreviations**


**203**

**Author details**

Ihor Shymanskyi\*, Olha Lisakovska, Anna Mazanova and Mykola Veliky Department of Biochemistry of Vitamins and Coenzymes, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: ihorshym@gmail.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

*Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetes Mellitus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89543* *Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetes Mellitus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89543*

*Vitamin D Deficiency*

**6. Conclusion**

**Conflict of interest**

**Abbreviations**

A two-way relationship between VD status and T1D and T2D can be argued. At the moment, it seems undeniable that there is a causal association between the risk of diabetes mellitus development and numerous polymorphisms in genes responsible for metabolism (CYP2R1 and CYP27B1) and signaling (VDR) of VD. Despite the fact that diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease, and it is unlikely that VD deficiency is the main cause of this pathology, there is no doubt that it may be used in the complex treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The importance of more comprehensive and randomized clinical trials to determine the therapeutic role of vitamin D in preventing the progression of glucose intolerance in

groups at high risk of developing T2D should be noted.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

CYP CYP2R1 vitamin D-25-hydroxylase CYP24A1 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase CYP27B1 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-alpha-hydroxylase

PPARs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

1,25(OH)2D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 25OHD 25-hydroxyvitamin D APCs antigen-presenting cells BMI body mass index

DCs dendritic cells IFN-γ interferon-γ IGs immunoglobulins ILs interleukins IR insulin resistance NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B

PTH parathyroid hormone RXR retinoid X receptor T1D type 1 diabetes mellitus T2D type 2 diabetes mellitus TGF-β transforming growth factor β

TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-*α* Treg regulatory T cells VD vitamin D

VDRE vitamin D response element

VDR vitamin D receptor

Th1 type 1 T helper Th17 Th17 type 17 T helper Th2 type 2 T helper

**202**
