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## Meet the editors

Dr. Muhammad Abubakar, a scientist from the National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan, has over 15 years of experience in various areas of veterinary sciences. His expertise on transboundary animal diseases (TADs) at national and international levels is well known. He has established various diagnostic laboratories for diagnosis of TADs. He has been involved in organisation and conduct of various training programs for field

and laboratory staff. He has published numerous research papers, review articles, and book chapters on different areas of veterinary sciences. He has also worked in academia in teaching and research supervision roles at graduate and undergraduate levels. He is currently supervising two journals in the area of veterinary sciences (Research journal for Veterinary Practitioners and Veterinary Sciences; Research and Reviews) as an editor-in-chief.

Dr. Piyumali K. Perera received her BSc (Hons) in Zoology from the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (2011) and her PhD in Parasitology from the Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Australia (2015). She received an International Postgraduate Research Scholarship and Australian Postgraduate Award to conduct her doctoral research on theileriosis, a major tick-borne disease in Australia. For her

outstanding performance during her PhD, she received several prestigious awards/ prizes including World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology - Louisiana State University Travel Award (2015), VW officer prize in Veterinary Science (2014), and Dairy Farmers of Victoria Postgraduate Scholarship (2013). She is currently serving as a Lecturer in Zoology, teaching Parasitology to undergraduates at the Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya. Her current research interests are in the fields of ticks and tick-borne diseases, parasitic zoonoses, and human gut microbiome. She has published many research articles in high impact journals in the field including PloS one, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Parasites & Vectors and Veterinary Parasitology.

**Preface III**

Tick Borne Infections **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 11**

**Chapter 3 43**

Emerging Tick Infestations **79**

**Chapter 4 81**

**Chapter 5 95**

**Chapter 6 113**

Tick Economic and Control **131**

**Chapter 7 133**

Introductory Chapter: Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens *by Muhammad Abubakar, Piyumali K. Perera, Abdullah Iqbal* 

*by Jerald Yam, Daniel R. Bogema and Cheryl Jenkins*

Handling the Microbial Complexity Associated to Ticks

*Eleonore Allain, Sarah I. Bonnet and Sara Moutailler*

Rickettsial Endosymbionts of Ticks *by Markéta Nováková and David Šmajs*

*by Marcela Kúdelová and Iveta Štibrániová*

*by Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Thomas Pollet, Agustín Estrada-Peña,* 

Spinose Ear Tick *Otobius megnini* Infestations in Race Horses *by Rupika S. Rajakaruna and Chulantha Prasanga Diyes*

Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), a Newly Discovered

Economic and Health Impact of the Ticks in Production Animals *by Oscar Jaime Betancur Hurtado and Cristian Giraldo-Ríos*

**Section 1**

Contents

**Section 2**

Tick Borne Virus

**Section 3**

*and Shumaila Manzoor*

Oriental Theileriosis

## Contents


### **Chapter 8 153**

The Enigma of Identifying New Cattle Tick Vaccine Antigens *by Ala E. Tabor*

Preface

This book is intended for students in parasitology, biologists, parasitologists involved in molecular diagnostics of tick-borne diseases, practicing veterinarians, and for others who may require information on ticks and tick-borne

Ticks transmit a range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and protists to vertebrate hosts, including humans and domestic and wild animals. Tick-borne diseases of humans and domestic animals can substantially affect their health and livestock production, respectively. Hence, it is of paramount importance to investigate these ticks and tick-borne diseases, particularly the emerging infections harboured by ticks. When we consider a particular tick-borne disease, it is critical to have a thorough understanding of the vectors involved, biology of vectors, pathogenesis, hosts affected, diagnostic methods, treatment, and

In this book, we have put together a collection of chapters focused on different aspects of ticks and tick-borne diseases mainly to provide the reader with novel information in the field, but not the basic generalised information provided by many textbooks. This book includes topics such as high-throughput technologies in diagnosis, discovery of novel tick vaccines, identification of new pathogens transmitted by ticks, and new epidemiological information of certain well-known ticks and tick-borne diseases. Our target audience is the parasitologists, parasitology students, and veterinarians who have a basic knowledge of the details of taxonomy and classification of these ticks and tick-borne diseases, life cycles, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Therefore, the novel findings have been discussed in detail, while basic information is either deliberately omitted or mentioned briefly in the

These chapters were authored by parasitologists from all over the world, giving an insight to the reader about the significant ticks and tick-borne diseases prevalent in those particular geographical regions with the local expert's point of view. Each of the chapters have separate reference lists, making it easier for the reader to find

I would like to express my gratitude to all the contributors of this book including the authors of the accepted chapters. My special thanks to the Author Service Manager, Ms. Anita Condic, and other staff of IntechOpen publishing for their kind support

additional reading material related to their topic of interest.

diseases.

control.

introduction of each of these chapters.
