**11. Conclusion**

The thymus is a part of primary immune organs, having excellent example of connection between the cellular organization and function. Not like other wellorganized organs, the microstructure of the thymus parenchyma has the very complex meshwork, where T cells differentiate, proliferate, and die. Disorganized thymic architecture of the elderly and disease thymus added cavitation and FCT proliferation and atrophy. Moreover, defects in the thymus caused to lesser the production of T cells and the interruption of self-tolerance. This may result in worsening the development of disease. Consequently, the thymus is declared as one of the most significant organs in maintaining immunity and safeguard the host against progression of age and development of ailments. Subsequently, this gland acts a crucial part in health and disease. The size, architecture, and function of this gland decreases with progression of age. There are some possible pathways to modify the thymus microarchitecture and function, in order to progress the physiology during autoimmune diseases, infections, and aging.

**33**

**Author details**

drarbab786@gmail.com

Pakistan

Arbab Sikandar\*, Shahzaib and Naeem Ullah

provided the original work is properly cited.

Sub-Campus, Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore,

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: arbab.sikandar@uvas.edu.pk;

*Microarchitecture of the Thymus Gland; Its Age and Disease-Associated Morphological…*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88480*

*Microarchitecture of the Thymus Gland; Its Age and Disease-Associated Morphological… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88480*
