*Health*

One of the most important topics in goat health is which *drugs* and which active *ingredients* can be used with sufficient effectiveness in the maintenance of health in goats. Many active ingredients are used in human medicine in addition to veterinary medicine, so the resistance of certain pathogens to certain active ingredients is and can be extremely important. This summary analysis includes almost everything you need to know about these active ingredients when treating goats. This subject is summarised in this *eighth chapter*.

It should also be noted that many active ingredients appear and, when used, are also found in milk, as a result of which they inadvertently enter the human body and may even cause an undesirable effect there. Moreover, some active substances may be stored in certain organs temporarily or even for a period of time, which requires due attention in the case of meat consumption if, for some reason, the individual to be used has been treated with an antibiotic. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use these useful active ingredients carefully! Care should be taken to avoid bottom and top dosing and to comply with mandatory health waiting periods and to avoid their unjustified introduction into the human body.

**IV**

the USA. Varieties have also developed that hardly occur anywhere else in the world. Of these, perhaps the most interesting is the Myotonic goat, whose meat-to-bone ratio (4:1) stands out even among the meat species. The fact that the world's bestknown goat research institute operates in this country, and the goat population has increased dramatically in recent decades, reaching 2.7 million individuals in early

In the *third chapter* of the volume, the author presents a summary analysis of goat

In the *fourth chapter* of this volume, the reader can get a summary of the goat breeds developed and bred in *Nepal*. The varieties bred there are fundamentally different from those presented in the previous two chapters, although individuals from some of the world's milk and meat varieties have already arrived there.

Nearly 11 million goats are kept in production and breeding in Nepal, and most of them are among the hard Central Asian breeds. Significant genetic differences were also found between the goat breeds kept in each region, and even the authors showed clear differences between the individuals of each breed bred in different regions. In most goat-keeping countries, including Nepal, efforts are being made to improve the milk and meat production of domestic breeds using imported breeds, but breeds that are considered exotic here have also developed in the country. The results of the development based on the applied breeding and selection methods, as well as DNA tests and biotechnological methods are

Cashmere and pashmina (i.e., wool) have become expressions of coveted fashion, elegance, and luxury in recent years (their first traces can be found as early as 3,500

Although both products come from the same goat growing two layers of hair, the average fibre diameter of generic cashmere varies between 12 and 21 microns, while pashmina means a material made up of fibres with a fineness of 11 to 16 microns.

This excellent heat-retaining and light fibrous material is formed in the lower layer of goat hair. The amount is 200-300 grams per individual per year for cashmere goats and 80-180 grams for pashmina. The former is produced in both flat and mountainous areas, while the latter requires a special mountain with a special climate (above 5000 m). The finest and best quality pashmina is produced by goats

In the thousands of years of history of cashmere wool production, it has developed based on goats kept in India, Kashmir, Nepal, Inner Asia, Mongolia, and Northwest China, but this product is already produced in Australia, New Zealand, and in other countries. About 70% of world production is produced in China (about 15,000 tonnes per year), 20% in Mongolia, and 10% in the other countries concerned. There are huge quality differences between the qualities of cashmere produced in

However, the huge demand caused by the increasingly "permissible luxury" has cost the environment. This goat accounts for the vast majority of China's goat population

years ago) and the rise of these products has been huge in the last 20 years.

2020, is also an appreciation of the goat.

presented in this study.

kept around the Himalayas.

various countries.

*Cashmere - Pashmina*

breeds bred and kept in production in the USA.

It is of great importance to be able to vary the range of active ingredients available in order to avoid the development of resistance to certain pathogens and to keep our animals healthy and to prevent unwanted active substances from entering the human body.

In addition, some drugs may be toxic to goats that are debilitated by disease. Therefore, this study suggested the need for an effective system of management, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment that can reduce the risk of infection and increase the productivity of the animals.

The importance of internal *parasites* (goat helminthiasis) in the digestive system cannot be overemphasized. Many parasites can occur in the goat habitat and consequently in goats as well. The presence of parasites is a major deterrent to animal husbandry. They cause not only health problems but also economic damage, not to mention the cost and impact of drugs used against them.

A weakening or poor condition always raises the possibility of the presence of a parasite. It is worth considering that some research shows that the goat is up to four times more susceptible to individual internal parasites than the sheep.

However, it is recommended that the condition of the animals be monitored regularly, that the necessary systematic examinations be carried out if the presence of an internal parasite is suspected, and that appropriate treatments be applied if confirmed. This important subject is presented in this *ninth chapter*.

> **Dr. Sándor Kukovics** Széchenyi István University of Sciences, Hungary

> > **1**

Section 1

Goats and Breeds
