**5. Conclusions**

*Translational Research in Cancer*

Oral mucosa cancer

Colorectal cancer

Pediatric Hodgkin's disease

**Table 2.**

Acute myeloid leukemia

stages [91]. Other analysis reports significant associations between the IL10 −1082A > G and IL10 −819 T > C polymorphism and increased risks of head and

Other studies on the relation between risk or prognosis polymorphisms in cancer have been performed. In there, a possible association with gastric cancer showed a significant association with IL10-819 on the Mexican population. Nevertheless, no significant association was found for IL10 −592C/A (rs1800872) and IL10 −1082A/G (rs1800896) [93]. Looking for a possible predispose to oral squamous cell carcinoma (−592), A/C polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced risk [94]. In colorectal cancer IL10 −819 T > C, polymorphism was associ-

**Disease Population Polymorphism Association Reference**

Indian population IL10-592 A/C Associated with

IL10 −1082A > G, IL10

Caucasian IL10-592AA Pronostic marker [96]

Egyptian IL10-819 Associated with risk [97] Chinese Han IL-10-819, −592 Associated with risk [98] Sudanese IL10 −1082G/A Associated with risk [7]

risk

risk

IL10819T > C Associated with

rs1800871 rs1800872 No associated with

cancer risk

cancer risk

cancer risk

prognosis

No associated with cancer risk

No associated with

[93]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[95]

[95]

[47]

Gastric cancer Mexican population IL10 −819 Associated with

−1082A/G

−592C > A

Brazilian IL10 −1082GG Unfavorable

Mexican population IL10 −592C/A, IL10

Caucasian and Asiatic

Caucasian and Asiatic

Caucasian and Asiatic

In a clinical study with child Hokdkin disease, −1082GG genotype was associated with lower IL10 mRNA expression. Nevertheless, genotypes of the −592 SNP showed no association with IL10 mRNA expression. However, −1082AACAG genotypes, ATA haplotype, and the presence of the −592AA genotype were associ-

Genotypic variants of IL10 (−1082G/A) polymorphism in adult Sudanese patients with acute myeloid leukemia were investigated as a possible risk factor. In there, no association between IL10 (−1082G/A) and acute myeloid leukemia was detected [7]. Nevertheless, in the Egyptian population, −819 polymorphism was associated with enhanced risk [97]. In the Chinese population, the −819A allele frequencies in the AML group were higher than in the controls [98]. In pediatric patients, Classical Hodgkin lymphoma −1082AA/AG, −592CC genotypes, and ATA haplotype were associated with unfavorable prognosis; interestingly, −1082 was

Unfortunately, to date, the results are controversial; the relationship of polymorphism with the presence of cancer and/or the possible risk of developing cancer is

neck cancer similar population [92].

*Relationship of IL10 polymorphism and cancer risk.*

ated with significantly increased risk [95].

ated with unfavorable prognosis [47, 96].

associated with low IL10 mRNA expression [46].

**32**

shown in **Table 2**.

High concentrations of IL-10 in the serum of cancer patients seem to correspond not only to the expression of this protein by immune cells. The evidence shows that the cancer cell is capable of synthesizing it, which would cause an imbalance in the homeostasis of the immune system.

Besides, the presence of polymorphisms suggested the possibility that some of them could be involved in the regulation of the activity of IL10; this gave rise to numerous studies seeking opportunities to explore for cancer risks or implications in the development, establishment, and survival of the cancer cell. The relationship between polymorphisms and the risk and prevalence of different types of cancer had evaluated by meta-analysis. Unfortunately, until now, the results are not conclusive.

Nevertheless, the fact is that IL-10 can exert the antitumor effect by mechanisms such as the activation of natural killer cells (NK), lymphocytes T, macrophages, and nitric oxide; its high concentration shows the deregulation of the immune system, where a high level of IL10 allows the tumor to escape. Nevertheless, the fact that IL-10 can exert the antitumor effect by mechanisms such as the activation of natural killer cells, lymphocytes T, macrophages, and nitric oxide results controversial. Its high concentration induces the deregulation of the immune system, where a high level of IL-10 allows the tumor escape. In some cases, it could be propose as a biomarker for patient lifespan or chemotherapy respond.

Because of this, it is essential to study not only the mechanisms that allow this high expression of interleukin IL-10, but its effect on tumor cells and also. It is important to consider its relationship with other cytokines.
