**5. Conclusion**

*Immunohistochemistry - The Ageless Biotechnology*

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**Figure 4.**

proangiogenic factors, growth factors, and immune cells that are tumor related. The study of biomarker panels (**Figure 3**) and its spatial distribution (**Figure 4**) can be used for early diagnosis and assessment of therapy response [46]. This methodology can represent an ideal method to realize personalized therapies using efficient mIF panels and help to understand much better the cancer microenvironment,

*Microphotographs of representative examples of spatial-distribution visualization of different phenotypes analyzed. (A) distribution of individual cells using X and Y positions, (B) spatial localization of selected cells,* 

*and (C to F) distance measurements between malignant cells (MCs) and different cell populations.*

The detection of multiple markers in the same tissue section can provide important and efficient means to apply this technology in disease diagnosis, prevention, and translational research. Multiplex immunoflourescence platforms have emerged more and more from translational research labs toward the clinic, increasing the opportunity to study and understand much better the tumor-immune interactions. This methodology and different image analysis strategies can give important information about immune cells' coexpression and their spatial-pattern distribution in the tumor microenvironment. Development of multiplex immunoflourescence based-TSA system requires a very well-trained multidisciplinary team including pathologists, oncologists, and immunologists. In addition, this methodology requires automation to provide efficient and fast information as well as easy analysis methodologies for research pathologists that currently use this method.
