**1.1** *In silico* **drug designing**

Now a days criminal are captured by using bioinformatics tools like phylogenetic analysis provide a proof against the criminal in court of law. In forensic analysis Bayesian statistics are utilized to detect DNA of culprit [2]. Bioinformatics has made of healthcare system modernize with the introduction of personalized

Now it has become possible with the advancement in the knowledge of bioinformatics that genetic defects are pin pointed on time and are tried to be eliminated before their expression. In this way better treatment has become possible in this era (Takeichi *et al.*, 2015). Bioinformatics has revolutionized the agriculture system with the introduction of new and better crops varieties with increased production

potential and resistant against crop damaging agents (Katam *et al.*, 2015). Bioinformatics is not only limited to Allied health fields but it is also play

important role in many other fields too as given below;

*Biochemical Testing - Clinical Correlation and Diagnosis*

• Development of drought resistant types of plants

drugs etc. [3].

• Energy sources

• Biotechnology

• Antibiotic resistance

• Bio-weapon manufacturing

• Climate change analysis

• Comparative studies

• Crop betterment

• Drug designing

• Forensic studies

• Genome assembly

• Insect resistance

• Molecular medicine

• Personalized medicine

• Preventative medicine

• Re-sequencing

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• Veterinary science

• Waste cleanup process

• Nutritional quality improvement

• Gene therapy

• Evolutionary analysis

Discovery of new drug is lengthy and expensive process and require lots of mass efforts too. Many of the times the year's hard work in drug discovery is wasted away due to certain factors like toxic effects, poor drug metabolism etc. (Grinter and Zou, 2014).

So with the advancement in the field of informatics, the drug discovery process has been completely changed as drugs are developed in silico with the help of latest Bioinformatics tools and applications. Today many fields use in silico drug designing (**Figure 1**) method like biochemistry, nanotechnology and molecular biology. This method has major advantage on others is its cost effectiveness and quickness (Grinter and Zou, 2014).

Many outstanding tools and softwares are used for drug development by in silico method, those includes;


**Figure 1.** *In silico drug designing.*


This in silico based approach is used in every stage of drug discovery starting from preclinical phase to terminal phase of drug development process [4].
