**3.1 Nutritional effects of EVOO**

One tablespoon of EVOO contains 14 g of total fat, 2 g of saturated fats and has no fiber, sugar, cholesterol etc. Vitamins E, K are also present in it also has phytosterols, a which is structurally similar to cholesterol because it hinders cholesterol absorption from food and lower LDL values associated with heart disease. Major EVOO polyphenols include secoiridoids, phenols, and lignans. The chemical structural formula of EVOO is shown in **Figure 9** and metabolism of EVOO is shown in **Figure 10**.

#### **3.2 Effects on cholesterol level**

There is no cholesterol in the EVOO while other animal obtained fats contain different amount of cholesterol. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has reported beneficial effect of EVOO on LDL oxidation process due to its phenolic (**Figure 10**).

### **4. Justification**

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most lethal melodies of the world and ranked fourth in deadliest diseases. It is metabolic defect that results in hyperglycaemia. The distribution of diabetes is spreading with great speed. The diabetic mass of Pakistan is among the top 10 diabetic populations of the world and is projected to be at 8th position among most prevailing diabetic countries by 2045 (IDF 2017). With this rate 1 out of 4 persons in Pakistan is diabetic. It is not a single etiological condition but it is a multifactorial ailment that is affecting Pakistan population severely. Diabetes has no cure at the moment only preventive and supportive therapy is given to improve the living of people by means of oral medication and insulin injections [63–72].

Million people die of diabetes each year, mostly from cardiovascular disease exacerbated by lipid disorders and other complications.

Olive oil use has may a protective role to reduce the lipid profile in diabetes due to the beneficial effect of its antioxidant level. Since oral medications and insulin are the best possible treatment option but still these have some side effects like drugs toxicity, renal failure and inflammation and infection at the point of injection of insulin to minimize the effect and to obtain a better alternative treatment option which should be natural, harmless, cheap and could prove a permanent cure of diabetes we chose EVOO as a therapy of the type 2 diabetes.

Since there are some recent studies available which support the use of EVOO as a lipid and glucose lowering agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus. EVOO improves the post prandial glycaemia by incretin like mechanism in which up-regulation of incretin took place in this way lipid and glucose levels are reduce by EVOO. EVOO also reduce oxidative stress, inflammation lower lipid level which is the

### *In Silico Proteomics EVOO Therapy for Lipid Lowering in the Patients of Diabetes Mellitus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82294*

hallmark of the diabetes that is why EVOO is compound of choice for the therapy of diabetes. The phenols in the EVOO are the major components responsible for these beneficial effects. Due of the fact that the EVOO therapy for the treatment of diabetes has never been studied before in the diabetic population of Pakistan we step forward and to use this natural compound as a therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes [72–80].

There is no study available in Pakistan that support the therapeutic effect of EVOO in type 2 diabetes so got the idea to prove the therapeutic value of EVOO in the Diabetic population of Pakistan, for this we selected the Lahore region that is one of the populated city of Pakistan.
