**Author details**

as the major beneficial constituent of virgin olive oil. Most important health benefit of EVOO (**Figure 8**) is improved cardiovascular heal, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. It is used in Mediterranean diet since many decades. Studies suggested that Mediterranean food specimen along with EVOO lowers the risk of heart disorders as compared to controls. Other studies reported that EVOO improve

(Roberto *et al.*, 2016). Almost 200 'minor particles' in the un-saponifiable portion of

One tablespoon of EVOO contains 14 g of total fat, 2 g of saturated fats and has no fiber, sugar, cholesterol etc. Vitamins E, K are also present in it also has phytosterols, a which is structurally similar to cholesterol because it hinders cholesterol absorption from food and lower LDL values associated with heart disease. Major EVOO polyphenols include secoiridoids, phenols, and lignans. The chemical structural formula of EVOO is shown in **Figure 9** and metabolism of EVOO is shown in

There is no cholesterol in the EVOO while other animal obtained fats contain different amount of cholesterol. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has reported beneficial effect of EVOO on LDL oxidation process due to its

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most lethal melodies of the world and ranked fourth in deadliest diseases. It is metabolic defect that results in hyperglycaemia. The distribution of diabetes is spreading with great speed. The diabetic mass of Pakistan is among the top 10 diabetic populations of the world and is projected to be at 8th position among most prevailing diabetic countries by 2045 (IDF 2017). With this rate 1 out of 4 persons in Pakistan is diabetic. It is not a single etiological condition but it is a multifactorial ailment that is affecting Pakistan population severely. Diabetes has no cure at the moment only preventive and supportive therapy is given to improve the living of people by means of oral medication and

Million people die of diabetes each year, mostly from cardiovascular disease

Olive oil use has may a protective role to reduce the lipid profile in diabetes due to the beneficial effect of its antioxidant level. Since oral medications and insulin are the best possible treatment option but still these have some side effects like drugs toxicity, renal failure and inflammation and infection at the point of injection of insulin to minimize the effect and to obtain a better alternative treatment option which should be natural, harmless, cheap and could prove a permanent cure of

Since there are some recent studies available which support the use of EVOO as a lipid and glucose lowering agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus. EVOO improves the post prandial glycaemia by incretin like mechanism in which up-regulation of incretin took place in this way lipid and glucose levels are reduce by EVOO. EVOO also reduce oxidative stress, inflammation lower lipid level which is the

exacerbated by lipid disorders and other complications.

diabetes we chose EVOO as a therapy of the type 2 diabetes.

hyperglycemia and lipid level in patients with dysfunctional fasting glucose

olive oil comprise about 2% of the total weight of EVOO [42–63].

*Biochemical Testing - Clinical Correlation and Diagnosis*

**3.1 Nutritional effects of EVOO**

**3.2 Effects on cholesterol level**

phenolic (**Figure 10**).

insulin injections [63–72].

**76**

**4. Justification**

**Figure 10**.

Muhamamd Suhail and Samreen Riaz\* Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

\*Address all correspondence to: samreen.mmg@pu.edu.pk

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
