**2.7 Epidemiology**

With every passing decade individual with diabetic ailment are increasing tremendously, currently there are 425 million people suffering with diabetes and 352 million people have falsified glucose tolerance (IGT). IGT is also named as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or "Pre-Diabetes". The individual with IFG has been at peak

**Figure 5.** *Worldwide distribution of diabetes. Adapted from: IDF diabetes (IDF 2017).*

#### *In Silico Proteomics EVOO Therapy for Lipid Lowering in the Patients of Diabetes Mellitus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82294*

risk of diabetes in near future. According to IDF, 1 in 11 people has diabetes till now and it is projected to be 1 in 10 till 2040 (IDF 2017).

Pakistan is among the top 10 most affected diabetic countries of the world and is projected to be at 8th position until 2045 (20–79 years of age. Other major countries on the top of the list are China, India, United States, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Russian federation, Egypt, Germany and Pakistan respectively. According to latest estimates Pakistan has 7.2 million population of diabetes and projected to be 16.1 million by 2045 (Atlas 2017). Previous studies reported 5.2 million diabetic population of Pakistan in 2000 and projected to be 13.9 million till 2030 [16]. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes is shown in **Figure 5**. In urban areas the ratio of diabetes is 22.04% and in rural areas it is 17.15%. In Punjab, diabetes in female is 19.3% and in male it is 16.6%. In KPK it is 11.1% in both male and female in Balochistan it is 10.8% in both [17, 18]. But in Sindh female proportion is 11.7% and in male is 16.2% (Hussain and Ali, 2017) **Figure 6** demonstrate the distribution of diabetes in all the provinces of Pakistan (**Figure 7**) [19–39].

#### **Figure 6.**

some feature with type 2 diabetes mellitus that is the reason it is called as Type 1.5 diabetes means in between T1DM and T2DM. It is also known as Type 3 diabetes. Type 1.5 diabetes is diagnosed during adulthood and has slow onset similar to T2DM however, it is type 1 diabetes mellitus and will need insulin therapy in future. Around 15–20% patients with type 2 diabetes are actually suffering with type 1 diabetes. They are treated with oral medication initially but will need insulin therapy after some period of oral treatment. Type 1.5 diabetic patients do not have standard symptoms of type 2 diabetes and have reduced risk of heart problem if

Some other types of diabetes occur due to the genetic malfunctions, impaired

With every passing decade individual with diabetic ailment are increasing tremendously, currently there are 425 million people suffering with diabetes and 352 million people have falsified glucose tolerance (IGT). IGT is also named as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or "Pre-Diabetes". The individual with IFG has been at peak

secretory activity of pancreas and over production of certain hormones. For instance MODY situation affects certain genes which are responsible for beta-cells development, functioning and regulation of glucose. Likewise excessive production certain growth hormones, cortisol, epinephrine and glucagon enhance the glucose production in liver cells and increase insulin resistance in muscle cells resulting in the progression of diabetes mellitus [14]. Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) occurred in cystic fibrosis patients due to insulin resistance and genetic dysfunction

their blood sugar is kept in control (Diabetes, UK).

*Biochemical Testing - Clinical Correlation and Diagnosis*

of beta-cell linked with inflammation and infection [15].

*Worldwide distribution of diabetes. Adapted from: IDF diabetes (IDF 2017).*

**2.6 Other specific types of diabetes**

**2.7 Epidemiology**

**Figure 5.**

**72**

*Distribution of diabetes in different provinces of Pakistan [40].*


#### **Figure 7.**

*List of top 10 countries having diabetes (IDF Atlas 2017).*
