*2.1.2 Phage-bioluminescence sensors*

For bacterial quantitative detection in samples, bioluminescence analyses that are rapid, sensitive, and simple are used by assessing the emitted light from intracellular components. Bacterial lysis is the first step of this type assays, to discharge intracellular cell components followed by reaction with luciferase and are screened by bioluminescent. A lytic bacteriophage is involved as a bio-recognition probe for target bacterial detection following lysis. Infectious bacteria like *E. coli* and *Salmonella Newport* were detected by an adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay using lytic bacteriophage as bio-probe lysis of target bacterial cell [19]. The sensitivity was enhanced 10–100-folds by addition of adenylate kinase as an alternate cell marker, while less than 104 CFU/mL of *E. coli* was reported in ˂1 h [19]. Later it was demonstrated that the quantity of discharged adenylate kinase from lysed cells is dependent on the growth stage, bacterial type, the infection time, and the phage type [20].
