Meet the editor

Dr. Peter Osobase Aikpokpodion is Professor of Plant Breeding, Molecular Genetics, and Genetic Resources Management at the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology. His research interest spans plant breeding and cultivar development, application of molecular techniques in genetic resources (diversity) management and utilization, marker-assisted selection, physiological genetics, host plant–pathogen interaction, breeding for resis-

tance and end-use quality considerations, reproductive biology, plant adaptation studies, climate-smart agriculture, and participatory plant breeding. He obtained his BSc (Agric) Crop Science (1989), MSc Agronomy in Crop Science (1998), and PhD in Plant Breeding (2007) at the Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan. He was Chief Research Officer (Plant Breeding) at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria before joining the University of Calabar in 2010 and was a Norman Borlag LEAP Fellow at Pennsylvania State University, USA, in 2006. With a strong background in research, industry linkages, and knowledge-driven policy development, he continues to serve in many capacities in academia, government, and the global cocoa industry. Some of his research contributions include development of eight new cocoa hybrids officially registered and released in December 2010; assessment of genetic diversity in cacao (*Theobroma cacao* L.) germplasm in Nigeria and West Africa; and Nigerian field gene-bank and on-farm genetic diversity in cacao, *Theobroma cacao* L., for the management and utilization of the genetic resources available. A reputable cocoa breeder, Dr. Aikpokpodion's contributions to the cocoa industry include the development and official release of eight new cocoa hybrids (CRIN*Tc*1-8) now distributed to farmers in Nigeria and his unraveling of the genetic diversity of Nigeria's cocoa field gene-banks and farm plantations. Dr. Aikpokpodion has managed several research projects and is a recipient of scientific and industry awards, including the USAID-administered Norman Borluag LEAP Fellowship 2006 and the 2014 Nigeria's Cocoa Value Chain Team Player Award. Dr. Aikpokpodion also served as Technical Advisor and Team Leader, Cocoa Value Chain Development of Nigeria's Agricultural Transformation Agenda coordinated by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2011–2015).

Contents

**Section 1**

Conditions

**Section 2**

*by Dele Adeniyi*

**Section 3**

Agroforestry Systems

**Preface III**

Cocoa Agronomy and Agroforestry **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 23** Current and Potential Use of Timber and Non-timber Resources of the Cacao

Cocoa Pests and Diseases Management **41**

**Chapter 3 43**

Cocoa Value Added and By-Products for Consumption **63**

**Chapter 4 65**

**Chapter 5 87**

Cacao Growth and Development Under Different Nursery and Field

*by Pérez-Flores Julian, Facundo Sánchez Gutiérrez, Bautista-Mora Evarista, José Jesús Obrador-Olán, Ruiz-Rosado Octavio and Valdéz-Balero Apolonio*

Diversity of Cacao Pathogens and Impact on Yield and Global Production

Unsweetened Natural Cocoa Powder: A Potent Nutraceutical in Perspective *by Lovia Allotey-Babington, Awo Afi Kwapong, Kwame Benoit N'guessan Banga,* 

Exploration of Cocoa (*Theobroma cacao*) By-Products as Valuable Potential

*by Olayinka John Makinde, Sunday A. Okunade, Emmanuel Opoola, Akeem Babatunde Sikiru, Solomon O. Ajide and Sunday Elaigwu*

*by Idowu Babadele Famuwagun and Samuel Ohi Agele*

*Seth K. Amponsah and Isaac J. Asiedu-Gyekye*

Resources in Livestock Feeds and Feeding Systems

## Contents



Preface

Cocoa is an important commodity in the global market for flavor. An industry worth more than \$200 billion annually provides employment for more than 5 million people in producing countries of the world. Scientific contributions from many research scientists and institutions have been provided to support this industry, which continues to expand to meet the growing demand for cocoa-based products around the world. This book documents some of the research results that have framed the positive growth and development of the cocoa industry, especially in producing countries. Organized into five sections, the chapters present interesting research results across the value chain. It is my pleasure to present the interesting work that has been documented in this book. All the authors are hereby gratefully

acknowledged for their time and effort in submitting these book chapters.

**Peter Osobase Aikpokpodion**

Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

(Department of Genetics and Biotechnology),

University of Calabar,

Professor,

Sincerely,
