**Author details**

#### Borisz Egri

Multiple pour-on formulations of 5% permethrin/5% piperonyl butoxide, 5% diflubenzuron/5% permethrin, and gamma cyhalothrin are labeled for season-long control (~3–4 mo) of lice on beef and dairy cattle. Although both amitraz and spinosad are effective against lice, the last cattle products containing amitraz were removed from the USA market in 2014. Spinosad formulations for use on cattle were officially discontinued in the USA in 2010. In 2016, Bayer Animal Health introduces Clean-Up TM II Pour-On Insecticide with an insect growth regulator

The compound chosen must be appropriate for the animal's age, reproductive status, and production system. The treatment of meat and dairy animals must be restricted to uses specified on the product label, and all label precautions should be carefully observed. Appropriate meat and milk withdrawal times must be observed. In most countries, regulatory agencies specify tissue residue limits of insecticides and carefully regulate insecticide use on livestock. All regulations are subject to change, and pertinent current local laws and requirements

Research on the use of entomopathogenic fungi (*Metarhizium anisopliae*) for the biological con-

By the Parasitipedia.net for the time being, there are vaccines that will protect cattle by making them immune to lice. There are repellents natural or synthetic that will keep lice away from cattle. And there are traps for catching cattle lice. Insecticides must be used properly to achieve satisfactory control of lice. Many louse-control products require two treatments, 10 to 14 days apart. *The second treatment is essential to kill newly hatched lice that were present as eggs at the time of the first treatment and were therefore not killed.* Failure to make the second treatment in a timely manner will create problems requiring many more

Many factors can cause susceptibility for louse infestation (stress, pregnancy, lactation), which is important to produce optimal husbandry conditions as well as optimal animal feeding. Feeding cattle a high energy diet and maintaining uncrowded conditions will reduce the chances of a louse infestation. When the infested animals became asymptomatic, on the hidden surface of the body (anal or pubic region, ridges), the louse can survive. The introducing of new animals in the herd realize necessary only after investigation of these on louse infestation and use of acaricide. Secondary bacterial and viral infections may also occur, resulting in a different (e.g., mange like) lesion. The regular disinfection of infested herds and all articles that infested animals may have come in contact with are essential too, for preventing further lice infestations. Specific lice control products can be more effective than integrated pest management principles, which indicate that it is preferable to use a narrow spectrum or specific

(IGR) pour-on for topical application to control lice on dairy and beef cattle and calves.

should be determined before treatment [5, 27].

trol of lice has shown promising results.

86 Bovine Science - A Key to Sustainable Development

subsequent treatments [3].

**8. Conclusions**

product for each pest.

Address all correspondence to: egri.borisz@sze.hu

Department of Animal Science, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
