**Author details**

and many useful food sources and income-generating works for millions of households

The number of livestock from the past few years has increased in all the conditions, in the form of two levels, i.e., (i) maximum number of farmers practicing extensive stall feeding in different breeds of hybrid cattle and (ii) similarly also increased grazing of local variety livestock population to depend their survival on the natural sources. Increasing livestock population without information is against to the animal husbandry policies, without attention of their feed and fodder sources, production of feed and fodder should be in farms by scientific management, otherwise, it is stress on the livestock and if sources are limited, poor fodder production technologies and storage methods in the developed country to depleting

The annual estimated growth and income depends on urbanization, globalization, and civilization of the countries, demand for the livestock resources also increased subsequently, and further research is required for future advancements in production of animal products to meet the demand of global population. In 2050, the global demand for dairy and meat products are expected to increase by 74 % and 58 %, respectively, by the choice of developing countries. The cattle global population in 2000 was 1.5 billion and many model projects by the government are helping to the increase by 2050 at around 2.7 and 2.6 billion, respectively. For this, animal feed ingredient requirement is estimated to increase annually by 553 million tonnes; it was also reported by the FAO in 2009 that 50% of the demand were met in that year [6]. To meet the future demands of global population, the production of milk and meat strategies need to be depends on animal health, food & nutrition and scientific management by using available feed and fodder resources, also they are monitored all the time for serve

Strategies are also required to improve feed quality, fodder resources, and sustainability in management of livestock production. It is necessary to adopt newer technology of fodder production to utilize it efficiently and effectively without wasting the available natural resources for improvement in productivity of the future food security of the country. Management and practices came through traditional approach, they are modified into modern technologies for high yield variety of green fodder production, different strategies to enhance fodder production/unit land area and using locally available resources. To livestock farmers, encourage and promote high yield varieties for fodder production in integrated farming systems along with agriculture and horticulture practices. Livestock farmers adopt the waste and barren land resources for cultivation of fodders, it will shows the conservation strategies of the biodiversity for the establishment of diverse agro-forest ecosystem. Available resources of agriculture like crop residues and by products of the agriculture and horticulture utilize it as a feeds and fodders. Introduce the newer technologies of research institutes/industries in the field level to manage systematically and to enhance the fodder production. Governments organization like FAO, ICRISAT, ILRI, IFAD, ICAR, CABI, IRRI, IRRD working on feed and fodder resources for scale up as per the requirement and modification in the fodder production processes, come out with best viable and economic products. There is a proper attention in the area of fodder production by introducing improved variety of high-yielding fodders

throughout the world [5].

4 Bovine Science - A Key to Sustainable Development

productivity sources of the farming area.

the livestock sufficient and significantly [7].

Sadashiv S.O.\* and Sharangouda J. Patil

\*Address all correspondence to: sadashivso@gmail.com

School of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Garden City University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
